<p>Bush Barrow is a site of the early British Bronze Age , at the western end of the Normanton Down Barrows cemetery. It is among the most important sites of the Stonehenge complex, having produced some of the most spectacular grave goods in Britain. It was excavated in 1808 by William Cunnington for Sir Richard Colt Hoare. The finds, including worked gold objects, are displayed at Wiltshire Museum in Devizes.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Bush Barrow is situated around 1 kilometre southwest of Stonehenge on Normanton Down. It forms part of the Normanton Down Barrows cemetery. The surviving earthworks have an overall diameter of 49 metres and comprise a large mound with breaks in the slope suggesting three phases of development. The barrow currently stands 3.3 metres high and its summit measures 10.5 metres in diameter.</p><br>
<p>The barrow is one of the "associated sites" in the World Heritage Site covering Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites (Cultural, ID 373, 1986). The Normanton Down round barrow cemetery comprises some 40 barrows strung out along an east-west aligned ridge. Bush Barrow (so named by Cunningham because it had bushes on it) is towards the western end of the line of barrows, sited at the highest point of the ridge.</p><br>
<h2>Contents</h2><br>
<p>The barrow was excavated in 1808 by William Cunnington for Sir Richard Colt Hoare.</p><br>
<h3>Bush Barrow Lozenge</h3><br>
<p>The design of the artifact known as the Bush Barrow Lozenge, and the smaller lozenge, has been shown to be based on a hexagon construction. Both the shape and the decorative panels appear to have been created by repeating hexagons within a series of three concentric circles (each framing the series of smaller decorative panels). The precision and accuracy displayed by the work demonstrates both a sophisticated tool kit and a sound knowledge of geometric form. A similar gold lozenge from Clandon Barrow, in Dorset, used a decagon in its design.</p><br>
<h3>Daggers</h3><br>
<p>Two of the bronze daggers have the largest blades of any from their period, whilst a third had a 30 cm long wooden hilt originally decorated with up to 140,000 tiny gold studs forming a herringbone pattern. The studs are around 0.2 mm wide and 1 mm in length with over a thousand studs embedded in each square centimetre.</p><br>
<p>David Dawson, Director of Wiltshire Heritage Museum has stated that: "The gold studs are remarkable evidence of the skill and craftsmanship of Bronze Age goldsmiths – quite rightly described as the work of the gods" Optician Ronald Rabbetts has said that "Only children and teenagers, and those adults who had become myopic naturally or due to the nature of their work as children, would have been able to create and manufacture such tiny objects."</p><br>
<p>It is thought that the gold came from Ireland, and the dagger was made in Brittany. The hilt lay forgotten for over 40 years from the 1960s, having been sent to Professor Atkinson at Cardiff University, and found by one of his successors in 2005.</p><br>
<h3>Stone mace</h3><br>
<p>An unusual stone mace head, shaped into a made out of a rare flecked fossilized corel stone, originating in Devon. It had a wooden handle,from which bone zig-zag decorations survive, reminiscent of items from Greece and Spain.</p><br>
<h3>Antique knife</h3><br>
<p>Some fragments of bronze rivets and other scraps of bronze have been identified as the remains of a knife that would have been at least 200 years older than the rest of the items. This dates the knife to being contemporary with the construction of the Stonehenge trilithons, and suggests a treasured antique or heirloom, buried along with the rich new items of the occupant of the barrow.</p><br>
<h2>Wider context</h2><br>
<p>It is not known why this barrow contained such rich grave goods compared to those around it. It occupies the highest point, but is not the tallest barrow, and is not obviously marked out as the principal barrow in the cemetery. In particular it is not known if other barrows in the vicinity have simply had such goods plundered long ago. Numerous finds have been made in other barrows, both by Cunnington and subsequently, but nothing to compare to these. According to Barrett and Bowden, "absence of evidence does not necessarily imply evidence of absence".</p><br>
<p>Ezekiel Pond is a 36 acre pond in Plymouth, Massachusetts, south of West Wind Shores, north of Little Rocky Pond, east of White Island Pond, and west of Big Sandy Pond and Whites Pond. The pond has an average depth of eight feet and a maximum depth of 19 ft. Most of the land along the southern and eastern shores of the pond has been developed. Access to the southern shore of the pond is possible by foot over unimproved land from Bourne Road. During the height of the summer season, there are normally between 10 and 20 motor boats docked in the pond. The public beach in the southwest corner of the pond is known for containing the second most stable picnic tables on ponds with a surface area less than 10,000 feet, per the Plymouth Bureau of Picnic Table Statistics. It is mostly inhabited by large and small mouth bass, along with sun fish and pickerel.</p><br>
<p>The West Eighth Street Historic District is a national historic district located at Anderson, Madison County, Indiana. This District consists of homes, churches, parks, commercial and public buildings, that were constructed during the last decade of the nineteenth century and first decade of the twentieth century. There are approximately 200 structures in this District in styles that represent cottages of various styles, Queen Anne styles, Free Classic, Colonial Revival styles and a good collection of notable Italianate homes. Most of these homes were constructed during the gas boom in the late 1880s, and were the homes to Anderson&#39;s business, civic and governmental leaders.</p><br>
<p>It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>The Columbia Canal is the surviving canal of a series of canals built by the State of South Carolina in 1824 using the labor of indentured Irishmen to provide direct water routes between the upstate settlements and the towns on the fall line. It is on the Congaree and Broad Rivers in Columbia, South Carolina. It is the focal point of the Riverfront Park in Columbia. The canal is now used to generate hydroelectric power by the South Carolina Electric & Gas Co.</p><br>
<p>The Columbia Canal is on the National Register of Historic Places, No. 79002392. The South Carolina Department of Archives and History has additional pictures and information, and copies of the nomination forms.</p><br>
<p>There are additional pictures, and information available from the Historic American Engineering Record at the Library of Congress.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>1824 Canal</h3><br>
<p>In 1820, construction started on a canal to navigate the rapids where the Broad River and the Saluda River form the Congaree River. It used a natural ravine that was between the City of Columbia and the Congaree and Broad Rivers. The canal started between Lumber (currently Calhoun) and Richland Streets. It ran along the Congaree for about 3.1 mi (5 km). It ended across from Granby Landing just north of the current railroad bridges across the Congaree. The canal was completed in 1824. It was 12 ft (3.7 m) wide and 2.5 ft (0.8 m) deep north of Senate St. South of Senate St., the canal was 18 ft (5.5 m) wide and 4 ft (1.2 m) deep. It had an 8 ft (2.4 m) wide towpath on either side. The canal had four lifting locks and one guard lock for the 34 ft (10 m) descent of the river. A diversion dam was built across the Broad River to allow access from the Saluda Canal. There were three waste weirs to prevent flooding of the canal.</p><br>
<p>A separate canal, which was called Bull Sluice, was constructed north of Columbia Canal on the Broad River, This ½ mi (0.8 km) long canal had one lock. The 1891 canal extended the Columbia Canal upstream of Bull Sluice.</p><br>
<p>In 1840, the State of South Carolina dropped its subsidy of the canal. In 1842, the railroads came to Columbia and the traffic on the canal decreased. During the Civil War, the hydraulic power of the canal was used to make gunpowder. Mills that used the canal for power were a grist mill run by the State Penitentiary, another grist mill, and a saw mill.</p><br>
<p>Portions of the 1824 canal south of Gervais St. survive today. Also parts of the Bull Sluice canal remain.</p><br>
<h3>1891 Canal</h3><br>
<p>In 1888, the canal was redesigned as an industrial power source. The revised design started at Gervais St. and extended about 3½ mi(5.6 km) north along the Congaree and Broad Rivers. It was about 150 ft (46 m) wide and 10 ft (3 m) deep. It included a new diversion dam, an entry lock, and a waste weir. It was opened in 1891.</p><br>
<p>The Columbia Mill was built on high ground north of Gervais St. To power the alternating current motors in the mills, a powerhouse was built on the canal about 600 ft (183 m) away. This made it the first textile mill in the world to use AC motors and generate power away from the mill.</p><br>
<p>The Columbia Hydro plant was built at the southern end of the canal. This produced power for industry, the City of Columbia, and the street railway system. It was once operated by the South Carolina Electric & Gas Co.</p><br>
<h3>2008</h3><br>
<p>In September 2008, the St Columbia division of the Ancient Order of Hibernians dedicated a memorial to the Irish canal workers that built the Columbia Canal. Known as the South Carolina Irish Memorial, this granite memorial pays tribute to the Irish workers that built and also died digging this canal, many that are buried at the nearby St. Peter&#39;s Catholic Church.</p><br>
<h3>2015</h3><br>
<p>As a result of catastrophic flooding in early October, the canal was breached. The South Carolina Army National Guard is currently working to repair the breach.</p><br>
<p>Anderson Downtown Historic District is a national historic district located at Anderson, Madison County, Indiana. The district dates from c. 1887-1955 and encompasses 32 contributing buildings in the central business district of Anderson. Despite some loss of integrity due to demolition and alteration, the district still includes a significant collection of historic and architecturally distinguished commercial buildings. Aside from the usual historic commercial impact of similar districts, this district includes several properties that illustrate Anderson’s transportation heritage. Included in the district or nearby are the following individual sites on the National Register of Historic Places: Paramount Theatre , Tower Hotel , Anderson Bank Building, Gruenewald House, and The Anderson Center for the Arts. Additional notable or interesting buildings include the Union Building, the State Theater, the Central Christian Church, the Anderson YMCA, the old post office and the Big Four.</p><br>
<p>It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>Eden Sike Cave is a small cave in Mallerstang in the Eden valley in Cumbria, England 400 m north of Hell Gill. The entrance is 391 m north west of an obvious resurgence in a small shakehole. This drops into a passage where a wet crawl leads downstream towards the resurgence, and a roomier passage going upstream. The upstream passage soon deteriorates into more awkward going which eventually passes a small but awkward climb into an inlet passage up to the right. The main passage goes to a sump some 9 m long which has been passed to a further 15 m before becoming too tight. The right-hand passage passes a section of sharp, steeply angled rock  into a chamber where the way on is a tight, wet passage where the airspace becomes minimal.</p><br>
<p>The cave was originally explored by members of the Northern Pennine Club in 1960, and extended in 1982 by Ian Broadhurst and Dave Lamont. The sump was dived by members of the Cave Diving Group in 1975.</p><br>
<p>Silver Star Mountain is a mountain located in Okanogan County, Washington. The mountain is part of the Cascade Range. It was first climbed by Lage Wernstedt in 1926.</p><br>
<p>The summit ridge of Silver Star consists of a long ridge of spires (the Wine Spires) leading to the main summit. The mountain is a steep ragged wall as seen from the west on Highway 20. The north side glacier reaches to just below the ridge line. The easiest route is up the moderate glacier from the north via Silver Star Creek.</p><br>
<p>Silver Star Mountain stands within the watershed of the Methow River, which drains into the Columbia River&#39;s Lake Pateros reservoir, impounded by Wells Dam.</p><br>
<p>The west and north sides of Silver Star drain into Early Winters Creek, thence into the Methow River.</p><br>
<p>The southeast side of Silver Star drains into Cedar Creek, thence into Early Winters Creek.</p><br>
<h2>Routes</h2><br>
<h3>East summit</h3><br>
<p>Silver Star Glacier</p><br>
<p>East ridge and spur Grade III</p><br>
<p>Southeast Face and East ridge Grade II</p><br>
<h3>West summit</h3><br>
<p>Southwest Buttress</p><br>
<p>West Buttress A1 Grade III</p><br>
<p>Northeast Ridge Grade III</p><br>
<p>Gato Negro</p><br>
<p>Silver Star Glacier</p><br>
<p>Briarhurst Manor, also known as William A. Bell House, is a finely grained pink Victorian sandstone manor house listed on the National Register of Historic Places in the city of Manitou Springs, Colorado. It is the second building on this site.</p><br>
<p>Construction of the original Briarhurst began in 1872. Dr. William Bell, the home&#39;s owner, left for England to marry a woman named Cara, who agreed to live with Bell in Colorado as long as her children were born in England. The Tudor Revival style home was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. Fountain Creek passes through the estate and the home is in the shadow of Pikes Peak.</p><br>
<p>Under Mrs. Cara Bell&#39;s direction, Briarhurst became "the social center" of the community, hosting the internationally famous of the day, President Grant, President Teddy Roosevelt and Oscar Wilde after his lecture in Colorado Springs in 1882. On occasion, a tribe of friendly Utes camped on the Briarhurst estate grounds while preparing to go into the Garden of the Gods, for them a holy place of worship.</p><br>
<p>One winter night in 1886, while Dr. Bell was away on business, Mrs. Bell awoke to a bedroom filled with smoke. Burning embers escaped from a fireplace in Briarhurst. She woke the children and servants. Cara stayed in the burning house and with the help of gardener Schneider, they rescued a prized oil painting by Thomas Moran, the "Mount of the Holy Cross". The family escaped safely, but lost all of their belongings and returned to England. They returned in early 1887 to begin reconstruction of a second, more elaborate Briarhurst Manor, complete with schoolroom, conservatory, cloister and a library with a special alcove to display the "Mount of the Holy Cross."</p><br>
<p>Today, 5 acre of the original Briarhurst estate is a restaurant and event venue. The restaurant seats over 400 guests and features Colorado cuisine. About 2 acres of the old estate is used for a large warehouse building and the Blue Skies Inn Bed and Breakfast utilizing the original 1873 carriage house and 4 other buildings. Hundreds of weddings and receptions are celebrated in the Briarhurst gardens created by Dr Bell&#39;s gardener Ferdinand Schneider over a hundred years ago.</p><br>
<p>The J. B. Crowell and Son Brick Mould Mill Complex is located on Lippencott Road near the hamlet of Wallkill, New York, United States, part of the Town of Shawangunk in Ulster County. It was established in 1870 by James Burns Crowell, a fifth-generation descendant of Norwegian immigrants to the area, after he changed his mind about a teaching career. The mill originally made not only brick moulds but wooden agricultural implements such as wheelbarrows and oxbows, as well as children&#39;s sleds.</p><br>
<p>Two years after it began operations, many of the current structures were erected. The complex was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. It continues operating today, selling the same line of products to area builders.</p><br>
<p>The Indiana Theatre is a multiple use performing arts venue located at 140 W. Washington Street in Indianapolis, Indiana. It was built as a movie palace and ballroom in 1927 and today is the home of the Indiana Repertory Theatre. It was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1979. It is located in the Washington Street-Monument Circle Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The building is six stories and is of concrete frame construction. The front of the building is sheathed in white terra cotta. The main feature of the facade is the curving triangular arch with churrigueresque framing that fills the central bay above the marquee. The original marquee is still in place. The basement originally contained bowling alleys and billiard rooms. Upper floors were divided between office space and theater space. The interior included an entrance lobby, -story main lobby and a 3,200-seat auditorium. The auditorium was distinguished by elaborate plaster ornamentation based on Spanish Baroque motifs. The building is topped by the Indiana Roof Ballroom, a large atmospheric ballroom decorated to resemble a square surrounded by buildings with a stage at one end. The ballroom has an elliptical dome with sky effects. The theater is a major example of the American motion picture palace. The building was restored and the auditorium was extensively remodeled in 1979–80 to accommodate the needs of the Indiana Repertory Theatre.</p><br>
<p>Oldfields also known as Lilly House and Gardens, is a 26-acre historic estate and house museum on the grounds of the Indianapolis Museum of Art in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. The estate, an example of the American country house movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, was designated a USA National Historic Landmark in 2003.</p><br>
<p>Oldfields was built between 1909 and 1913 by architect Lewis Ketcham Davis for the family of Hugh McKennan Landon, who occupied the home from 1913 until 1932 when it was sold to Josiah K. Lilly Jr. Lilly, the late Indianapolis businessman, collector, and philanthropist, renovated and expanded the estate throughout the 1930s and 1940s, updating interiors as well as adding a number of new buildings to the grounds.</p><br>
<p>Now known as Lilly House, the 22-room mansion has undergone historic restoration and is now open to the public on the campus of the Indianapolis Museum of Art. The historic house is currently interpreted to reflect the 1930s era when the Lilly family occupied the residence. The rest of the Oldfields estate, which was given to the Art Association of Indianapolis by Lillys children in 1967, now makes up a major portion of the Indianapolis Museum of Art campus. In addition to the homes significance as a representation of the American country house movement, Oldfields&#39; gardens and grounds are a rare example of a preserved estate landscape designed by Percival Gallagher of the Olmsted Brothers firm.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Oldfields was established as part of the Town of Woodstock, a tract of land purchased and developed by Hugh McKennan Landon and Linnaes C. Boyd around 1910 as a suburban neighborhood north of Indianapolis. The area was adjacent to the 555 acre Crown Hill Cemetery and the White River, and included residential lots, a reservoir, and a country club. Landon reserved 26 acres, or about half of the land, for the construction of Oldfields, which was completed around 1913.</p><br>
<p>In 1932, in the midst of the Great Depression, Josiah K. Lilly Jr. purchased the estate. In spite of the economic times, Lilly undertook a number of renovation and expansion projects on the property, including an extension to the south for a new library, renovation of the stair hall and front entrance, and the addition of a vestibule that aligned the entrance with the allée at the front of the property.</p><br>
<p>In the 1950s Lilly redecorated several rooms in keeping with the tastes of the time. Bookshelves were removed and walls repainted in order to make room for an expanding portrait collection. Additionally, muralist Douglas Riseborough was employed to update the stair hall and the loggia with murals depicting the surrounding grounds and gardens. While most of these renovations were changed in subsequent decades, the mural illustrating views of the allée can still be seen in the loggia.</p><br>
<p>In 1967, following the deaths of Lilly and his wife, the Lilly children, Ruth Lilly and J.K. Lilly III, gave the estate to the Art Association of Indianapolis to serve as the new art museum. Called the "Lilly Pavilion of Decorative Arts", the house served as exhibit space at the time that the association changed its name to the Indianapolis Museum of Art in 1969. In the years that followed the exhibits focused more on decorative arts and less on the historic aspects of the home and garden. Beginning in the 1980s and 1990s, planning began to restore Oldfields to its former condition. In 2002 the historic home reopened to the public, and in 2003 it was designated as a national historic landmark. The property is considered a historic district and includes 10 buildings and 28 other contributing resources.</p><br>
<h3>Country house movement</h3><br>
<p>Oldfields is an exemplary representation of an estate constructed during the Country Place Era, or the American country house movement, which took place from approximately 1885 to 1939. The country house movement was a reaction to the expanding industrialization and urbanization of America following the Civil War. As industrialists and businessmen became more wealthy at the turn of the twentieth century, it became increasingly popular to invest in large, country estates located outside of cities. It was a way to return to a simpler life, far from the increasingly crowded, dirty, industrialized city. As more families began to own automobiles it became even more feasible to live in the country while remaining involved in city life.</p><br>
<p>Country houses during this era were often palatial, with expansive estates and architecturally designed gardens. Many estates were self-sufficient farms as well. While the Biltmore Estate in Asheville, North Carolina is considered to be the first and most grand example of the Country Place Era, estates as small as twenty acres could also be reflective of the movement. Oldfields is one such example.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>Lilly House was designed by Landon&#39;s brother-in-law, Lewis Ketcham Davis, in the French Château style. The house is positioned on a bluff overlooking the White River, taking advantage of expansive views to the west.</p><br>
<p>The house includes a service wing, pavilions on the east and west with access to balconies from the second floor, and a large terrace atop a garage and service area. While occupied by the Landon family, the main floor originally included a music room, library, sunroom, living room, dining room, kitchen, and porch. The second floor was made up of private suites, bedrooms, bathrooms, the servants suite, and a study. A third floor ballroom was also present in the Landon home and was used for storage during the Lilly&#39;s occupancy. At that time the estate also included a formal garden, greenhouse, tennis court, and several out buildings.</p><br>
<p>Following the renovations of J.K. Lilly Jr., components of the main level included a great hall, game room, library, drawing room, loggia, dining room, kitchen, and servants quarters as well as an altered stair hall and entrance.</p><br>
<h2>Grounds and gardens</h2><br>
<p>The first garden on the estate was included as part of the initial design by architect Lewis Ketcham Davis. This formal sunken garden was located to the south of the home and was connected by a series of pathways, flights of steps, and a limestone bridge. The focus of the garden was a circular fountain, surrounded by arbor trellises, two Hermes sculptures, and a shaded bench. The garden has been restored and remains true to its former design.</p><br>
<p>The landscape remained largely unchanged until Percival Gallagher of the Olmsted Brothers Firm was hired in 1920 by Landons second wife, Jessie. Gallaghers plans for the property balanced formal components, such as the extravagant allée, and more informal components such as the ravine garden. The ravine garden consists of a watercourse lined with an extensive pattern of rocks, flowers, shrubs, and trees, as well as a meandering path and bridge.</p><br>
<p>The Grand Allée, or vista, at the front of the property added an increased sense of formality to the estate, while also serving the more practical function of blocking unwanted sounds and views of Michigan Road. A circular fountain and sculpture of the Three Graces were installed at the end of the allée, positioned in front of a line of evergreens which block the road. Double rows of Dutch elms were planted along each side of the allée, framing the view of the house and drive. Behind the elm trees on both sides of the allée Gallagher designed border gardens with meandering paths, a multitude of flower beds, and additional sculptures. The border gardens were meant to entice visitors to explore the paths before emerging at the far end of the allée.</p><br>
<p>When the Lillys purchased the property in 1933 the gardens and grounds were just beginning to mature. The family left the gardens largely unaltered other than the addition of several sculptures throughout. Lilly also constructed a number of new buildings on the grounds, expanding the greenhouse significantly. In 1939 Newfield was constructed as a residence for Joe Lilly and his family. In 1940 a recreation building was built in the south pasture that housed an indoor pool, game room, and exercise room. Outside of the recreation building was an outdoor pool, tennis court, and Four Seasons garden.</p><br>
<p>An antique wellhead from Europe is located there.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>Today Oldfields makes up a major portion of the main Indianapolis Museum of Art campus, with Lilly House located adjacent to the main museum building and 100 Acres, the Virginia B. Fairbanks Art and Nature Park. The house features eight furnished historic rooms on the main level including the stair hall, great hall, game room, library, drawing room, loggia, dining room, and kitchen, the majority of which reflect the 1930s period of the Lilly familys occupancy. Nearly 90 percent of the furnishings and objects are original to the house and were used by the Lilly family. The upper level of Lilly House features historical and interactive exhibits detailing the American Country Place era, Oldfields development as a country estate, and Indianapolis in the early 20th century. The second level also includes a sampling of Lillys collections of books, gold coins, military miniatures and nautical items. Oldfields gardens and grounds are preserved and maintained by the museum and are interpreted to reflect the intentions of Percival Gallagher&#39;s design.</p><br>
<p>Isla Guy Fawkes  is a collection of two crescent shaped islands and two small rocks north-west of Santa Cruz Island, in the Galápagos Islands, which are part of Ecuador. It is uninhabited, but known to be used by scuba divers who amongst other things view the underwater zoanthids near it.</p><br>
<p>William Beebe visited the islands and makes mention of them in his book Galapagos: World&#39;s End, he described the cliffs as majestic and made of stratified layers of volcanic tuff. He also noted a population of sealions.</p><br>
<p>The island is perhaps best known and most noted for its name; which is derived from a controversial historical English figure. Guy Fawkes, the man it is named after was a Roman Catholic revolutionary who had attempted to carry out the Gunpowder Plot in 1605.</p><br>
<p>The Kolomeytsev Islands  is a group of two small islands, part of the Nordenskjold Archipelago in the Kara Sea coastal region, off the coast of Siberia. These two islands are located at the northwestern end of the archipelago.</p><br>
<h2>Geography and history</h2><br>
<p>The Kolomeytsev Islands lie about 40 km east of Russky Island, the largest island of the Nordenskjold Archipelago, and less than 100 km west of the Taymyr Peninsula.</p><br>
<p>The climate in the northernmost end of the archipelago is severe and the sea surrounding the little Kolomeytsev Islands is covered with fast ice in the winter and often obstructed by pack ice even in the summer.</p><br>
<p>These islands belong to the Krasnoyarsk Krai administrative division of Russia and is part of the Great Arctic State Nature Reserve, the largest nature reserve of Russia.</p><br>
<p>In 1900, the islands of the Nordenskiöld Archipelago were explored by Russian geologist Baron Eduard Von Toll during the Polar Expedition on behalf of the Imperial Russian Academy of Sciences aboard ship Zarya. The islands were named after Captain Nikolai Kolomeitsev, first commander of the ship.Albert Hastings Markham. Arctic Exploration, 1895</p><br>
<p>The Faddey Islands  is a group of islands in the Laptev Sea, Russia.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Faddey Islands group is located in the coastal region, off Faddey Bay (залив Фаддея) in the coast of Siberia, east of the Taymyr Peninsula.</p><br>
<p>The Main islands are:</p><br>
<p>Ostrov Faddeyya-Severnyy, latitude 76° 59&#39; N and longitude 108° 02’ E.</p><br>
<p>Ostrov Faddeyya-Vostochnyy, latitude 76° 58&#39; N and longitude 108° 07’ E.</p><br>
<p>Ostrov Faddeyya-Yuzhnyy, latitude 76° 53&#39; N and longitude 107° 58’ E.</p><br>
<p>Ostrov Kapitanskiy, a smaller island, located off the main cluster and closer to the shore, latitude 76° 56&#39; N and longitude 107° 27’ E.</p><br>
<p>The islands are covered with tundra vegetation, shingle and ice. The sea around these Islands is covered with fast ice in the winter and the climate is severe. The surrounding sea is obstructed by pack ice even in the summer.</p><br>
<p>The Faddey Islands were named after Russian explorer Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen, which is "Faddey Faddeyevich Bellinsgauzen" in Russian.</p><br>
<p>This island group belongs to the Krasnoyarsk Krai administrative division of Russia.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Ancient stone implements, probably shaped by man, were found on the Faddey Islands and were studied by the Russian archaeologist A.P. Okladnikov, an expert in the ancient cultures of Siberia and the Pacific Basin.</p><br>
<p>In 1940-41 Soviet hydrographers found the remains of people, money, weapons and other items on these islands and in the nearby coast of the Simsa Bay. Apparently these were traces of an expedition undertaken by Akaky and Ivan Muromets in the early 17th century.</p><br>
<p>A.P.Okladnikov, who studied these findings in 1945, supposed that the people went there from the west, from the Yenisei River (Historical monument…, 1945).</p><br>
<p>However, in the 1980s hydrographer V.A.Troitsky put forward a different theory. According to his point of view the deceased seafarers tried to sail by sea from the Khatanga Gulf to the mouth of the Yenisei on two ships in order to load furs (Troitsky, 1991). But the first ship was crushed by ice in the area of the Faddey Islands. Even though the crew were able to reach the land, none of them managed to survive. The second ship reached the Simsa Bay, where the crew built a house in order to leave three ill people there. Then the ship made its way to the south, and four people seem to have been able to reach populated places.</p><br>
<p>Since 1993 these islands are part of the Great Arctic State Nature Reserve, the largest nature reserve of Russia.</p><br>
<p>The Bank of California Building, also known as the Durham & Bates Building and currently the Three Kings Building, is a historic former bank building in downtown Portland, Oregon, United States. Since 1978, it has been on the National Register of Historic Places. The three-story building was designed by A. E. Doyle in an Italianate style and completed in 1925. The ground floor features a two-story-high grand room with 36 ft ceilings. The building&#39;s original owner and occupant, the Bank of California, moved out around the end of 1969 and sold the building in 1970. The building has had a succession of other owners and tenants since that time. It was last used as a bank in 1977.</p><br>
<h2>Establishment and original use</h2><br>
<p>The London and San Francisco Bank established a Portland branch in 1882, and when the San Francisco-based Bank of California acquired and absorbed that institution, in 1905, the branch became the first Bank of California branch in Portland. In 1924, officers of the bank approved plans to construct a new building for the Portland branch, which since about 1894 had been located at Third and Stark streets in downtown, in the Chamber of Commerce Building Noted Portland architect A. E. Doyle was hired to design the new structure. Doyle&#39;s chief designer Charles K. Greene had traveled abroad to study Greco-Roman architectural forms in the 1910s.</p><br>
<p>His research resulted in three Italianate buildings in Portland, of which the Bank of California Building was the first. The others were the Chicago/Italianate Pacific Building and the Public Service Building, an early skyscraper. While the Pacific and Public Service Buildings are large, multi-story structures, the three-story Bank of California Building is small. It has been described as being in the style of an Italian Renaissance palazzo (palace). Construction began in 1924 and the building was completed in 1925, opening on July 20 of that year.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>The building occupies a 50 x site at the northeast corner of 6th Avenue and Stark streets, and faces 6th. The main façade features five large, 28 ft tall windows which are arched at the top. Above each is a smaller rectangular window at the second-floor level. The third floor is within the buildings hipped roof and is windowless. The exterior is clad in cast terracotta with marble trim and the roof is covered in red clay tiles. Terracotta is also used for the cornices. Two ornate bronze lamps flank the central entrance, similar in style to fixtures used on Portlands Doyle-designed Public Service Building of the same period. A bronze portico frames the bronze gates of the main entrance, located in the central arch of the five tall arches. For many years, this was the building&#39;s only entrance. However, in 1977, a second entrance was built in the northernmost arch of the main façade, accessing a new smaller lobby and providing more direct access to the upper floors, during work to modify the building for non-banking uses.</p><br>
<p>Originally, the buildings north side was directly adjacent to the six-story Fenton Building (also known as the Guaranty Building), obscured from view, and was not given any decorative surface when built. However, following that buildings demolition in 1971, the Bank of California Buildings newly exposed north façade was resurfaced in cast terracotta in a pattern simulating that of the west and south façades. A surface parking lot took the Fenton Buildings place, and a drive-up teller window was added to the buildings north end; this addition was the only substantial alteration to the buildings exterior between its completion in 1925 and its nomination to the National Register in 1978. (converted into a 16-story hotel in 2008, the Marriott-owned Courtyard Portland City Center), leaving the north façade again hidden from view.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>In addition to three main floors, the building has a mezzanine situated between the first (ground) and second floors. At the time of the buildings opening in 1925, the windowless third floor was not fully outfitted for use, and was planned to be "held in reserve" until then-anticipated expansion of the banks business in Portland created a need for additional work space. It was eventually equipped "as a lounge, library, and recreation space for the bank&#39;s employees". A basement was also included, and it housed the bank vaults (of which there are three), among other facilities. The ground floor was occupied by the main banking room, with a line of teller windows along the east side. It was designed as a "grand two-story room with ornate coffered beam ceilings", which are 36 ft high. The mezzanine was originally situated along the north side only and is 16 ft wide there. The floor of the former banking lobby is composed of marble, as were the teller counters (since removed). Most other interior surfaces are cast materials made to simulate travertine marble.</p><br>
<p>Along with removal of the line of teller windows, other work undertaken during the 1977 modifications included extension of the mezzanine southwards along the east wall to the south wall, and addition of a freestanding stairway between it and the center of the ground-floor lobby.</p><br>
<h3>Immediate surroundings</h3><br>
<p>The northbound Portland Transit Mall passes in front of the building, and during the malls construction in 1976–77 the plain cement sidewalk in front of the building was resurfaced in brick, and street trees were added. A large shelter for the new bus stop that was installed there at that time was removed when the mall was rebuilt in 2007–08. MAX light rail trains have passed in front of the building since 2009. Since completion of a renovation of the transit mall in 2009, the bronze sculpture Talos No. 2 has stood in front of the building, near the 6th and Stark corner. The Bank of California Building stands directly across 6th Avenue from another A.E. Doyle-designed bank building, the United States National Bank Building, of 1917. That buildings classical style contrasts sharply with the Bank of California Building&#39;s Italianate design.</p><br>
<h2>Post-1960s owners or primary tenants</h2><br>
<p>The Bank of California remained at the site for almost 45 years, until moving west by just over one block in December 1969 to a new 15-story high-rise building or tower (renamed the Union Bank of California Building after a 1996 merger). It was then occupied, in turn, by Security Bank of Oregon, the Oregon Bank, and insurance company Durham & Bates, Inc. and to read after that company moved into the building. The structure was added to the National Register of Historic Places in March 1978.</p><br>
<p>Bidwell & Company, a Portland-based stock brokerage firm, purchased the building in November 1999 and launched an intensive renovation in 2000, lasting nine months. Bidwell moved into the building in November 2000 and renamed it the Bidwell & Co. Building. The main façade&#39;s lettering was changed again.</p><br>
<p>Bidwell & Company was sold to Ameritrade in January 2004, and the building was vacated. In late 2006, when the building was owned by a California investment firm, its owners were still looking for a replacement tenant for Bidwell. In 2008, the building was renamed the Three Kings Building.</p><br>
<p>The A. Smith Bowman Distillery is a distillery that was originally based on the Bowman family&#39;s 7,200-acre Sunset Hills Farm in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States, in what later became the planned community of Reston. The distillery was founded in 1934 on the day after the end of Prohibition, by Abram Smith Bowman and his sons, Abram Smith, Jr., and DeLong.</p><br>
<p>From the time of its founding until the 1950s, it was the only legal whiskey distillery in the Commonwealth of Virginia.</p><br>
<p>The primary brands produced by the distillery were the Virginia Gentleman and Fairfax County bourbon whiskeys.</p><br>
<p>In February 1988, it relocated to Spotsylvania County, near Fredericksburg, into a former FMC Corp. cellophane plant at One Bowman Drive, where operation continues as a microdistillery owned by the Sazerac Company.</p><br>
<h2>The current distillery</h2><br>
<p>The A. Smith Bowman distillery business was purchased in 2003 by the Sazerac Company, which is a large privately owned liquor producer with headquarters in New Orleans.</p><br>
<p>It continues to operate (at a different location from the original distillery), and produces the Virginia Gentleman bourbon brand, other bourbons, and other products including a vodka called "Deep Run" and a gin called "Sunset Hills".</p><br>
<p>In particular, it also produces bourbon brands named after the Bowman family of Virginia/Kentucky pioneers, including:</p><br>
<p>Bowman Brothers Small Batch bourbon, named after the pioneer Bowman brothers, who were sometimes called the "Four Centaurs of Cedar Creek"</p><br>
<p>Abraham Bowman bourbon, named after Colonel Abraham Bowman (1749–1837)</p><br>
<p>George Bowman rum, named after George Bowman (1699–1768)</p><br>
<p>John J. Bowman Single Barrel bourbon, named after Colonel John Bowman (1738–1784)</p><br>
<h2>The historic building</h2><br>
<p>The building in which the distillery originally operated was constructed circa 1892 under the guidance of Dr. C.A. Max Wiehle, a physician from Philadelphia who retired from practice at the age of 41 and tried to establish a town and farming community known as Wiehle on 3,228 acres of land he purchased in 1882. The first floor served as the Wiehle town hall, and the second floor housed the Wiehle Methodist Episcopal church. The building originally featured an 80 lb bell and a steeple, which were later removed to satisfy community concerns over having a distillery with the appearance of a church. The movement to build the town foundered after the death of Dr. Wiehle from pneumonia in 1901, and the building ceased to serve as a town hall in 1909. The church had moved elsewhere in 1907. For a time, the building then became a single-family residence and general store, until purchased by Abram Smith Bowman in 1927 as part of a 4,000-acre parcel called Sunset Hills. Bowman would later make an additional 3,240-acre purchase of what was known as the Dunn Tract in 1947 – creating the largest privately owned property in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area, which would remain so until nearly all of the land was sold to a real estate company in 1960. After a brief transitional ownership by the real estate company, a 60-acre area containing the distillery was sold back to Bowman&#39;s sons Abram Smith, Jr., and Delong.</p><br>
<p>Bowman, born in Mercer County, Kentucky in 1868, established a distillery in 1934 on the day after Prohibition was repealed, and the building originally served as the warehouse of the distillery. The first bourbon produced by the distillery was shipped from the warehouse in 1937. Between 1934 and some point in the 1950s, Bowman&#39;s was the only legal whiskey distillery in the Commonwealth of Virginia.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places by the National Park Service in 1999, and has been the subject of several rezoning applications.</p><br>
<p>A proposal to construct condominiums on the site was approved September 24, 2007.</p><br>
<p>An earlier version of the proposal mentioned 8 units as new buildings (on 0.23 acres),</p><br>
<p>in addition to constructing 3 units within the historic structure,</p><br>
<p>while noting that it replaced a planned use of the structure as a cultural center (i.e., for the Greater Reston Arts Center). It is located at the northeast corner of the intersection of Old Reston Avenue and Sunset Hills Road, and has the address 1875 Old Reston Avenue, Reston, VA, 20190.</p><br>
<p>First Presbyterian Church in Sag Harbor, New York, also known as Old Whalers Church, is a historic and architecturally notable Presbyterian church built in 1844 in the Egyptian Revival style. The church is Sag Harbors "most distinguished landmark." Town boosters call the facade "the most important  example of Egyptian revival style in the United States," and "the best example of the Egyptian Revival style in the USA today.</p><br>
<p>The church was designed by Minard Lafever in an Egyptian Revival style that includes Greek Revival elements. Its original steeple, 185 feet high, was destroyed by the Great New England Hurricane of 1938. Although many lament the loss, architectural historian Richard Carrot believes that the removal of the steeple was "successful" in that it left "a more Egyptian building."</p><br>
<p>The church is located at 44 Union Street, within the Sag Harbor Village District, and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1994. It is the only such national historic landmark in Sag Harbor.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The church&#39;s tripartite facade evokes the massive trapezoidal pylons of Egyptian temples. The deep cornice is crested with a crenelation of blubber spades.</p><br>
<p>The ministers dedicatory sermon made clear that the congregations intention in erecting an Egyptian style building was to symbolize Solomon&#39;s Temple.</p><br>
<p>The foyer features trapezoidal Egyptian Revival doors. The original bell is preserved in the narthex. The church also celebrated the anniversary of the building by putting on a grand historical pageant in the costumes of the 1840s. Appropriately, with many local boys stationed overseas, they sang a song known to have been sung when many local men left for the California gold fields in 1849: "Star of Peace to Wanderers Weary."</p><br>
<p>The interior of the sanctuary, however, is entirely in ornate Greek Revival style. It is spacious, with a capacity to seat 800. The pulpit is framed by a pair of pilasters and a pair of Corinthian columns that rise over 50 feet to a coffered ceiling. Trompe-l&#39;œil behind the pulpit gives the impression of a curved wall. The old-fashioned box pews have Cuban mahogany railings. Many have hand-engraved, 19th century silver nameplates on the doors. Fluted columns support galleries on each side of the sanctuary. The very fine coffered ceiling is supported from a central beam, eliminating the need for supporting columns. It is edged with egg-and-dart molding.</p><br>
<p>A fence along Union Street is built with Egyptian obelisk-shaped fence posts. It is a modern copy of the original fence, removed in the 1880s. The fence was an important part of Lafevers original plan to replicate Solomons Temple in Egyptian style. The plan of the Temple calls for a forecourt, to precede two great pillars named Boaz and Jachin before the worshipers passed into the sanctuary. The fence was supposed to mark out the forecourt, and the doorway is framed by two enormous pylons representing Boaz and Jachin.</p><br>
<h3>Steeple</h3><br>
<p>The church was originally topped with a steeple 185 feet hall, making it visible to ships rounding Montauk Point. The steeple was designed in three upward tapering sections. At the base was an octagonal Greek revival colonnade in which a bell hung. This was a replica of the 4th century BC Choragic Monument of Lysicrates. Above this a section with four panels, each with Greek key and rosette motifs, which contained the clockworks made by Ephriam Byram, Sag Harbors clockmaker. The clock was removed in 1845 since the same high winds that usefully powered the towns many windmills caused vibrations that made the clock run inaccurately. The slender top spire supported a weather vane.</p><br>
<p>Fundraising to replace the steeple began in 1952. In 1997 a proposal was floated to raise the necessary funds by installing a cell-phone transmission tower inside the new steeple, to be paid for by the cell phone company. In 2000, the cost of restoring the steeple was estimated at $2,000,000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first building of the First Presbyterian Church of Sag Harbor was erected in 1766. Known as the "Old Barn Church", it was a "simple building of uncouth shape," a wood-frame building with walls and a roof but neither a ceiling nor interior plastered walls. According to the Rev. Nathaniel S. Prime, pastor from 1806-09L "If a shower of rain occurred during public worship, the minister was obliged to retreat to the corner of the ample pulpit to escape the falling drops."</p><br>
<p>The "Old Barn Church" was torn down and a second church built in 1816, using lumber recycled form the old building. When the 1816 building became too small as a consequence of the Second Great Awakening, the present building was built in 1844. The plot of land cost $2,000 and the congregation spent $17,000. on the building, before it was furnished.</p><br>
<p>The church was named a National Historic Landmark by the USA Department of the Interior in 1994. The congregation hopes someday to reconstruct the steeple.</p><br>
<p>The 1816 building was sold and became known as "the Atheneum." It was used as a community lecture hall and theater. It burned down on April 30, 1924.</p><br>
<h3>Restoration</h3><br>
<p>In 1950 when the ceiling was found to be unsafe, the church was taken out of use for many months and finally reopened in July 1952 after thorough repairs. The "modern" electric lighting fixtures were removed and replaced with a chandelier and sidelights designed to look like the church&#39;s original whale-oil burning fixtures.</p><br>
<p>Another restoration, beginning in the 1990s, received state funding because of the buildings historic significance. It was during this period that the church was able to establish that the noted architect Minard Lafever had indeed designed the church, a point that had been supposed but not proven for many years. The clinching evidence came in the form of a letter written by a young cabinetmaker working on the building in 1843, who named Lafever as the architect. This confirmation drew support on the basis of the buildings architectural significance.</p><br>
<p>With the confirmation of the architect, and close to a million dollars in hand and being spent on the gutters, roof beams and other necessary structural repairs, church administrators became "confident" that the $2 million to replace the steeple would appear.</p><br>
<h2>Modern use</h2><br>
<p>The church is currently used by the First Presbyterian congregation, which meets on Sunday morning.</p><br>
<p>Top Cottage, also known as Hill-Top Cottage, in Hyde Park, New York, was a private retreat designed by and for Franklin D. Roosevelt. Built in 1938 to 1939, during Roosevelt&#39;s second term as President of the United States, it was designed to accommodate his need for wheelchair accessibility. It was one of the earliest such buildings in the country, and the first significant building designed by a person with a disability.</p><br>
<p>Although it was meant as a retreat, FDR also received notable guests at the cottage, including Britain&#39;s King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, and, after half a century in private ownership, it was restored and given to the National Park Service, which today operates it as part of the nearby Home of Franklin D. Roosevelt National Historic Site. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1997. Guided tours of the cottage are available from the main site but private vehicles are not permitted.</p><br>
<p>This building is the only building designed by a sitting USA President other than Thomas Jefferson, who designed several at his home in Monticello, the University of Virginia, and the Virginia State Capitol.</p><br>
<h2>Building and site</h2><br>
<p>The cottage is in the Dutch Colonial Revival architectural style, built of fieldstone. It is one of several buildings in Hyde Park and surrounding communities that FDR ensured were built in that style, which he hoped to revive in the region. It is located at the end of Potters Bend Road, a residential street in a rural area of Hyde Park, at the top of the 500-foot (152 m) ridgetop unofficially known as Dutchess Hill. This hill was where Roosevelt had played as a child. In FDR&#39;s time, it had commanding views of the Hudson River and the Catskill Mountains, now obscured by trees.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Although Roosevelt built a vacation house in Georgia at the end of his term as governor of New York (near the hot-spring estate in Bullochville, Georgia that he had bought in 1927 and renamed Warm Springs), he had never owned a year-round home of his own; he had moved into his mother&#39;s house at Hyde Park, enlarged for him and his family, and otherwise lived in family townhouses in New York City, rented houses in Albany and Washington, D.C., or official residences such as the New York State Executive Mansion and the White House. In 1933, Roosevelt realized the family home in Hyde Park did not offer him sufficient distance from the pressures of the presidency. He realized he would need a more isolated retreat, "a small place to go to escape the mob..."</p><br>
<p>Two years later, Roosevelt and his cousin Margaret Suckley spent some time together on the top of the hill, with a view over the Hudson River to the Catskill Mountains, and were both impressed by the possibilities. He would refer to it as "Our Hill&quot she as "the nicest Hill in Dutchess County". In October of that year he suggested it would be the perfect spot for "a one-story fieldstone two-room house... one with very thick walls to protect us." She responded enthusiastically, with a sketch that looks similar to the finished building.</p><br>
<p>Roosevelt at first envisioned it as where he would live after his presidency, and bought the 118 acre hillside parcel in 1937, after his re-election. By that point in his life, he needed to use a wheelchair for much of the time due to his polio-related paralysis and could only walk short distances with great difficulty and assistance, a fact he and others concealed from the public. He designed the cottage to accommodate the wheelchair, with one flat floor and everything he could want or need located within easy reach of someone in a sitting position. Top Cottage is the only presidential residence, other than Thomas Jefferson&#39;s Monticello and Poplar Forest, designed by a president. It is also the first significant accessible building designed by a disabled person.</p><br>
<p>Roosevelt began submitting sketches to architects in 1938. angering some Republican architects when an article about the cottage doing exactly that ran in Life magazine. There are some indications that Toombs was the architect but suggested that he be listed only as the associate with Roosevelt being credited as the architect. Crediting Roosevelt as the architect brought criticism from others, including John Lloyd Wright, son of architect Frank Lloyd Wright. Wright said, "awaited pictures of Doctor Roosevelt performing an appendectomy."</p><br>
<p>At the time when houses cost $1,000 the cottage cost $16,599, but in the end, it is thought that Roosevelt never spent a single night at the cottage; despite being designed after becoming disabled, his mothers larger home was more suitable for Roosevelts disability. The design had many other problems; the ventilation was faulty, the bedrooms were too small, and it had only one bathroom and no closets. Nonetheless, when guests visited Hyde Park, Roosevelt always showed them Top Cottage first. Modern renovations to the cottage, allowing it to open to the public, cost $1,500,000, including $750,000 to buy the cottage.</p><br>
<p>The next year it would be host to the famous picnic where Roosevelt cooked and served hot dogs to King George VI and Queen Elizabeth on the first state visit to the United States by a British sovereign. It was during the King and Queen&#39;s visit that Roosevelt broke protocol and proposed a toast to the Queen. She reportedly became flustered at the break in protocol and drank to herself.</p><br>
<p>His original intention to use it as a retirement home were put on hold when he won an unprecedented third term the next year. But he continued to use Top Cottage as a retreat, bringing important visitors such as British Prime Minister Winston Churchill there to discuss the atomic bomb, as well as close friends like Suckley, who took the only two published photos of him in his wheelchair on the cottage&#39;s porch.</p><br>
<p>After Roosevelts death, his son Elliott Roosevelt lived there for a while. He made some renovations, such as adding dormer windows and a mud room. Later he sold the house to the Potter family, who gave their name to the street leading to the home. It remained in their possession until 1996, when it was sold again to the Open Space Institute (OSI). The following year it was recognized as a National Historic Landmark, and the OSI began renovations, removing Elliott Roosevelts additions and thinning some of the trees that had obstructed the view. In 2001, it was turned over to the National Park Service to be made part of the existing historic site. The house was opened to the public for the first time in 2001. It is used as a conference center, in addition to being open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Location and further information</h2><br>
<p>The cottage is located in Hyde Park, New York. It is open only to those with reservations. Although the original furnishings were lost, the Park Service has now (2011) furnished the main area with reproductions and antiques which match the original contents.</p><br>
<p>The cottage was subject of a review book, The President as Architect: Franklin D. Roosevelt&#39;s Top Cottage, was compiled by John G. Waite Associates, an Albany architectural firm specializing in restorations. It is also prominently featured in the 2012 film, Hyde Park on Hudson.</p><br>
<p>Dendra  is a prehistoric archaeological site situated outside the village with the same name belonging to the municipality of Midea in the Argolid, Greece.</p><br>
<p>The site has a history stretching back at least to the early Bronze Age and is significant for the Bronze Age cemetery excavated by Swedish archaeologist Axel W. Persson in the first half of the 20th century. Persson excavated an unplundered tholos tomb and many Mycenaean chamber tombs, presumably belonging to the ruling classes having their dwelling at the nearby citadel of Midea.</p><br>
<p>Subsequent excavations (following partly successful attempts to plunder the unexcavated tombs) unearthed the unique and exquisite Dendra panoply of bronze armour, currently exhibited at the Archaeological Museum in nearby Nafplio. Later excavations also brought to light Bronze Age tumulus burials which included sacrificed horses.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p>P. Mack Crew, J.B. Bury, I.E.S. Edwards, C.J. Gadd, John Boardman, and N.G.L. Hammond. The Cambridge Ancient History: c. 1800 – 1380 B.C Vol. II, pt. 2: c. 1380 – 1000 B.C. (Cambridge University Press), 1975.</p><br>
<p>The King Store and Homestead Museums are located on 209 and 211 Main Street, in the Ledgewood section of Roxbury Township, in Morris County, New Jersey, United States. The Roxbury Historic Trust acts as curator for these Roxbury Township owned buildings. They were purchased by the Township with Green Acres funding.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The King Store is a 2½ story building built of rubble stone in 1815 by Woodruff and Hopkins. At the ground floor its walls are 3 feet thick. Originally it had white stucco walls with green shutters and door. The Woodruff family operated the store until 1835. For approximately two years it lay abandoned and was home to wandering goats and sheep. In 1837 Albert Riggs (son of Silas Riggs, a tanner by trade and owner of several canal boats) acquired the building and reopened it as a general store serving the community and the Morris Canal trade. For many years it also served as Post Office and its owner as Postmaster. The Store was located 150 feet from the Morris Canal Basin.</p><br>
<p>Theodore king, the son-in-law of Albert Riggs, took over the Store in 1873. He lived on the second floor of the building with his wife and daughter. By 1881, Mr King had built a residence on adjacent property and then began a renovation of the Store, changing the decor to Greek revival and the color scheme to creme with brown trim. In the process, the exterior was given a smooth coat of stucco which was scored to resemble large blocks. The interior of the Store was given an Italianate design with a cream and maroon color scheme. The Roxbury Rotary restored and stabilized the building by early 2000 and then began work on the Homestead.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The King Homestead, a vernacular frame house to start, had several additions with Italianate and Queen Anne influenced detailing. It is possible that the original house may just have consisted of the current parlor, Exhibit Rooms 1 and 2, one or both staircases to the second floor, on which there were two front bedrooms (current RHT Office and Conference Room) and a smaller bedroom at the rear. There were stairs to the basement which contained the kitchen (basement kitchens were common in Victorian homes). The dumb waiter was probably moved to its present location when the dining room was added, so that food could be brought up from the kitchen below. The final additions to the home were probably the circular first floor office used by Mr. King then later by Louse King, and a rear first floor kitchen. Of artistic interest is the four wall, oil on canvas, dining room mural. It was painted by James William Marland in 1936. It was both signed and dated by the artist.</p><br>
<h2>Visiting</h2><br>
<p>Both Museums are opened the second Sunday of each month (except January) from 1 to 4 pm. Visitors are welcome and encouraged to call for an appointment if the regular opening times are not convenient.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p>Crayon, J.P, Rockaway Records of Morris County, N.J. Families 1902.</p><br>
<p>Hosking, Annie S.& Meeker, Harriet The History of Roxbury Township Vol.1&11 Roxbury Township Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>Kane, Martin Hopatcong: A Century of Memories Arcadia Publishing.</p><br>
<p>Lee, James Tales the Boatman Told 1973, reprinted Canal Press 1989.</p><br>
<p>Lewis Publishing Biographical History of Morris County New Jersey 1899.</p><br>
<p>Lum, Edward H. Genealogy of the Lum Family 1927.</p><br>
<p>Munsell, W.W. History of Morris County, New Jersey 1882.</p><br>
<p>Murray, Stuart A.P. History of Hopatcong Borough 1976 Hopatcong Bicentennial Committee.</p><br>
<p>Serally, Ruthann & Lyman, Francis Old Homes of Roxbury Township Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>Thompson, Mary Wolfe Theodore Frelinghuysen Wolfe Privately published.</p><br>
<p>Crammond, Richard Officer and Board Member of the Roxbury Historic Trust and Chairman of the Township of Roxbury Historical Committee. Miriam Morris, architect and Historic Trust member.</p><br>
<p>Crailo State Historic Site is a historic, fortified brick manor house in Rensselaer, New York which was originally part of a large patroonship held by Kiliaen van Rensselaer, c. 1585–1643.</p><br>
<p>Crailo is a Dutch word meaning Crows Woods (Kraaien bos), and refers to the Rensselaers Estate in Huizen, Holland, also named "Crailo".</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Starting as early as 1663 through the 18th century, this site had become synonymously known as Greenbush. The property consisted of flat alluvial farmlands, orchards, mills, a store, and ferry rights to Albany. As early as 1663, the estate had a small fort for the protection of the local inhabitants from Indian attacks during the Esopus Wars and in 1675 during King Philip&#39;s War the local militia captain was instructed to install a palisade around this fort. The fields and farm buildings at Crailo were used to quarter British and colonial troops as early as 1694 and at intervals during each of the French and Indian wars.</p><br>
<p>The property was inherited by Hendrick van Rensselaer, Kiliean&#39;s grandson, who built the house in 1707. His son, Johannes, was a captain in the colonial militia. Captain van Rensselaer inherited Crailo in 1740. The gunports were likely added after a raiding party of 80 French and Indians attacked Greenbush, killing up to five persons in 1746. The inhabitants of Albany witnessed this assault from across the river but troops were unable to cross in time to defend Greenbush. In 1751 and 1754 Captain van Rensselaer provided candles and firewood to the colonial garrisons at Albany and Schenectady. The house was expanded in 1762. The loopholes on the lower floor indicate the original defensive nature of the house.</p><br>
<p>It is reportedly the place where, in 1755, British Army surgeon Richard Shuckburgh, quartered in the home, wrote the ditty "Yankee Doodle" to mock the New England colonial troops who fought with the British in the French and Indian Wars.</p><br>
<p>Fort Crailo was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1961.</p><br>
<p>It is operated by the State of New York as a museum of the Colonial Dutch culture in New York State. Exhibits include clothing, furniture, household and decorative items, and archaeological artifacts from "New Netherland" historic sites in New York and New Jersey. Many artifacts from the Fort Orange archeological dig in the early 1970s are on display.</p><br>
<p>Putana, sometimes referred to as Jorqencal or Machuca, is a volcano on the border between Bolivia and Chile and close to the Sairecabur volcanic complex. Part of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, its summit is 5,890 m above sea level and contains a summit crater with two smaller craters nested within it. Beneath the summit, the volcano features a number of lava domes and lava flows, some of which originated in flank vents.</p><br>
<p>While the occurrence of historical activity is unclear (aside from an episode in 2009–2010 where the edifice was uplifted by 4 cm), the volcano features vigorous fumarolic activity that creates a large plume of gas above the summit. Sulfur deposited by the fumaroles has been mined.</p><br>
<h2>Context</h2><br>
<p>Putana lies on the border between Chile and Bolivia, and is also known as Jorgencal, Jorjencal or Machuca. The area is remote and difficult to access and thus poorly studied.</p><br>
<p>Volcanism in the Central Andes is the consequence of the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South American Plate and occurs in form of the 1,500 km long Central Volcanic Zone, one of four volcanic belts in the Andes. The Peruvian and the Pampean "flat slab" segments separate this volcanic belt from its neighbours, the Northern Volcanic Zone to the north and the Southern Volcanic Zone south respectively.</p><br>
<p>Putana is part of the Central Volcanic Zone, which aside from this volcano contains a number of large calderas associated with silicic volcanism. Over 13 volcanoes in the Central Volcanic Zone have been active in historical time, out of about 69 with evidence of Holocene activity. Of these volcanoes Láscar is the most active volcano in the Central Volcanic Zone; a major eruption occurred there in 1993.</p><br>
<h2>The volcano</h2><br>
<p>Putana is a 5,890 m high volcano elongated from north to south. It is constructed by lavas and pyroclastic material, with effusive products such as lava domes and lava flows forming the bulk of the edifice. Most lava flows were viscous enough that they do not exceed 3 km of length, older flows are longer. Younger lava flows occur on the western slope, and some lava flows appear to be younger than the last glacial age.</p><br>
<p>The summit contains a 500 m wide summit crater which itself contains two smaller craters, one is 300 m wide and lies on the northeastern side and the other with a width of 130 m is in the centre of the summit crater. Lava flows/lava domes are emplaced in the southern part of the main summit crater. Additional adventive vents occur on the slopes of Putana; a particularly noticeable fan-shaped flow northwest of Putana originated in such a flank vent.</p><br>
<p>The volcano forms part of a complex of ash flows and cones which covers a surface area of 600 km&sup2;. Putana was constructed on the Purificar and Tatio ignimbrites of Pliocene-Pleistocene age; the whole edifice is constructed around a pre-Holocene volcano.</p><br>
<p>Volcanic rocks found at Putana include basaltic andesite, andesite and dacite. Minerals contained in the rocks include pyroxene in the andesites and biotite and hornblende in the dacites.</p><br>
<p>Neighbouring mountains include the Cerros Aguita Blanca in the east, Cerro Amarillo in the southeast, Curiquinca south-southwest of Putana and Escalante and Cerro Colorado to the south-southwest. Curiquinca, El Apagado and Sairecabur together form a major volcanic group.</p><br>
<p>The slopes of Putana drain north into the west-flowing Río Aguita Blanca, east into the Salar de Chalviri and southeast into the Río Blanco and from there into the Laguna Verde-Laguna Blanca system. The Río Putana originates on the northern flank of Putana, which forms its headwaters. It joins with the Río Jauna to form the Río Grande, which in turn joins the Río Salado to form the Río San Pedro de Atacama that eventually drains into the Salar de Atacama.</p><br>
<h2>Eruptive history</h2><br>
<p>The geologic history of Putana is unknown, due to the lack of detailed studies on the subject. The last eruption at Putana was reported from the late 19th century, one date given is 1810 with an uncertainty of 10 years and the eruption was described as a major one. The occurrence of an eruption on 2 July 1972 ± 182 days is uncertain. Other opinions deny the occurrence of any historical eruption.</p><br>
<p>Between late 2009 and early 2010, the volcano underwent an episode of deformation accompanied by earthquake swarms. Based on modelling, about 300,000 m&sup3; of magma were intruded at a depth of 1 km during this episode, lifting the ground by about 4 cm over a diameter of 5 km.</p><br>
<p>Aside from this episode, Putana is seismically active, both in form of individual events, seismic swarms and triggered earthquakes; the 2010 Maule earthquake was accompanied by seismicity at Putana.</p><br>
<h3>Fumaroles</h3><br>
<p>Putana features active fumaroles, which generate a 100-500 m high plume above the volcano. This plume was seen as far back as the 19th century. The fumaroles have different shapes, from vents that are only centimetres wide to large 10 m wide openings. They occur in groups, in total four separate fumarole fields, two within the northeastern crater, one in the summit crater and one outside of the summit crater where about 30 individual fumaroles were reported in 1952. These fumaroles are visible as a thermal anomaly from space, but it is relatively weak with a temperature anomaly of only 5 K-change.</p><br>
<p>These fumaroles exhale a mixture of hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide, which is produced at a rate of 20000-22,000 t/year. In addition they contain hydrogen, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride and nitrogen, while carbon monoxide, methane and oxygen are only minor components. Temperatures of 82 - have been measured, and the source appears to have temperatures of up to 500 &deg;C. The composition of the fumaroles indicates that the gases are ultimately of mainly magmatic origin, but interact with a slightly colder hydrothermal system before reaching the surface.</p><br>
<p>The fumarolic activity at Putana lays down deposits of sulfur on the volcano, including one 250 ft high cliff that was reported to be covered with sulfur in 1952. This sulfur was mined at the summit of the volcano, which is thus accessible by a road. Putana sulfur was noted to be extremely pure in that same year. It has been mined and transported down by truck from elevations of 18,500 ft, one of the highest altitudes at which motor vehicles have been used. The Carnen sulfur mine is found on the southeastern flank, and more mines are found on neighbouring mountains.</p><br>
<p>Roscoe Conkling House in Utica, New York, USA was the home of Roscoe Conkling, 1829–1888, a powerful and controversial politician. He is responsible, perhaps, for the angry, political atmosphere that led to the assassination of USA President James Garfield.</p><br>
<h2>Early Political Career</h2><br>
<p>Roscoe Conklings political career began as mayor of Utica in 1858, and rose through terms as USA Congressman 1859-1863 and 1865-1867. Finally he was USA Senator from New York 1868-1881. In 1870 he became boss of New Yorks Republican political machine. Conkling was mentor to Chester A. Arthur, and was instrumental in getting him appointed collector of the port of New York in 1871. In 1872 Conkling was offered the position of Chief Justice of the USA Supreme Court by Grant, but he refused.</p><br>
<h2>A Party Divided</h2><br>
<p>When Rutherford B. Hayes became president in 1877, Conkling violently opposed him on the issue of civil service reform. In 1880, Conkling, as part of the "Stalwart" faction of the Republican Party, supported Grants bid for a third term. The split in the Republican Party was so divisive that the 1880 Republican National Convention took 36 ballots to nominate James A. Garfield. The fact that Chester Arthur then accepted the nomination for vice-president infuriated Conkling. In May, 1881, Conkling and the other USA Senator from New York resigned from the Senate in protest of Garfields political appointments. They expected to be immediately re-elected to the Senate by the New York State legislature, but this did not happen. Instead, they returned to New York to campaign for re-election. In the highly charged atmosphere while the New York legislature was deadlocked on this issue, crazed "Stalwart" supporter Charles J. Guiteau assassinated President Garfield. The resulting public outcry effectively ended Conkling&#39;s political career. Although Chester Arthur became president, he kept Conkling at a safe political distance. Arthur did offer him a seat on the USA Supreme Court in 1882, but again Conkling refused.</p><br>
<h2>The House</h2><br>
<p>The Roscoe Conkling House was designed by Philip Hooker in the Greek Revival style. It was begun between 1820-1824, and completed in 1830 by the Miller family. The house may also be known as the Miller-Conkling-Kernan House. Roscoe Conkling bought the house in 1863 and lived there until his death in 1888. The hip roofed brick house is covered with grey stucco scored to look like rock. The house was purchased from Conkling&#39;s family in 1894 by Nicholas Kernan. After this time, the two story East (left) wing was added, as well as the current porch, dormer and chimney tops.</p><br>
<p>The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The house and its park are part of the Rutger-Steuben Park Historic District. In 2005, the house was listed for sale. It could be bought separately or together with another house at 1 Rutger Park that was designed by Andrew Jackson Davis.</p><br>
<p>As of 2010, both the Conkling House (3 Rutger Park) and 1 Rutger Park are owned by the, "which is slowly renovating the buildings with the goal of turning them into mansion-museums."</p><br>
<p>St. Ann & the Holy Trinity Church is a historic Episcopal church located at the corner of Montague and Clinton streets in the Brooklyn Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York City.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was built as Church of the Holy Trinity, and opened in 1847. Following years of controversy, the parish was closed in 1957, and the building stood mostly empty for the next 12 years. The present name of the parish reflects the fact that St. Ann&#39;s, the oldest Episcopal parish in Brooklyn, moved into the then empty Holy Trinity building in 1969. The church possesses some of the earliest figural stained-glass windows made in the United States, crafted by William Jay Bolton. The church was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The designer for Holy Trinity was prominent 19th century American architect Minard Lafever, with stained glass by William Jay Bolton and John Bolton. In 1859 English architect Gervase Wheeler was hired to enlarge and make improvements in the chancel such as modifications to the reading desk and adding pews; Wheeler was directed to follow the original plan in his work.</p><br>
<p>A rectory was constructed immediately west of the church between 1895 and 1897. The ground floor of this building now serves as the parish hall.</p><br>
<p>Following the departure of the St. Ann Center for Restoration and the Arts in 1999, the church complex continued to lease school, office, programming, rehearsal and concert space to a wide range of community service and arts groups. However, in 2013, full-time tenants were moved out of the Parish House.</p><br>
<h2>St. Ann's Church (1787)</h2><br>
<p>St. Ann&#39;s Church (organized 1787) was originally named in honor of Ann Ayscough Sands (1761–1851), who was an early patron with her husband Joshua Sands. The church previously occupied the elaborate High Victorian Gothic building still standing on the northeast corner of Clinton and Livingston streets, built 1877-1878 to designs by James Renwick Jr. of Renwick & Sands. That church, which featured stained glass by Henry E. Sharp, was sold to the Packer Collegiate Institute.</p><br>
<h2>Bolton stained glass windows</h2><br>
<p>The windows of St. Ann & the Holy Trinity Church were created by William Jay Bolton with the assistance of his brother, John Bolton, between 1845 and 1848. Though preceded by a figural window Bolton made for Christ Church Priory in Pelham, NY, these windows are the first complete canon, or set, of figural stained glass windows made in North America. The Bolton windows consist of six distinct sets totaling 55 glass installations, of which 54 remain.</p><br>
<p>When the church reopened in 1969, the problem of repairing the large building after a long period of deferred maintenance initiated many conservation projects and campaigns for the complicated and costly task of restoring the church and its endangered stained glass windows. The World Monuments Fund in collaboration with the St. Ann’s Center for Restoration and the Arts initiated projects in 1988 and continued repairs led to the site’s listing in the World Monuments Watch in 2002 and 2004.</p><br>
<p>One of the stained glass windows, a 19 high and 10 wide window (5.8 x 3 meters) from the church&#39;s organ loft are on display in the American wing of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The window depicts a musical scene of Miriam and Jubal standing beneath an arrangement of musical instruments articulated in bright purple and gold painted glass</p><br>
<h2>Peabody Memorial Organ</h2><br>
<p>The Peabody Memorial Organ was built by Ernest M. Skinner in 1925. It is the third instrument to be installed since the church opened in 1847. The organ was designed by Louise Robert and built by Ernest Skinner as his Opus #524, the gift to the church from parishioner and financier George Foster Peabody in memory of his brother. The organ comprises 4,718 pipes, ranging from 2 inches to 32 feet in length, as well as 20 chimes and a 61-note celesta. In 1999, it was recognized by the Organ Historical Society as "An Historic Instrument of Special Merit" — the musical equivalent of Landmark status. It is the largest E.M. Skinner organ in New York City.</p><br>
<p>Virgil Fox and Louis Vierne, organist at the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris were among the world-famous organists that played the organ in Brooklyn.</p><br>
<p>Gregory Eaton, prior Dean of the Brooklyn Chapter of the American Guild of Organists was the director of music and organist from 1993 to 2014.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration projects</h2><br>
<p>In 1979 the New York Landmarks Conservancy, a private, not-for-profit organization started a preservation program for the church called the St. Ann Center for Restoration And Arts. Through the program&#39;s efforts the chancel was renovated, 64 stained glass windows restored and the exterior fence repaired.</p><br>
<p>The church received a Sacred Sites Grant of $10,000 for brownstone façade and roof restoration of parish house wing in 2014. A site visit confirmed that brownstone façade is deteriorated, shedding large sections of projecting trim. Roofs are actively leaking and temporarily patched and tarped and wood windows are severely deteriorated. The large parish hall wing and formerly fully leased community spaces suffer from active leaks, plaster failure and weather infiltration as a result of the ongoing deterioration of the exterior envelope. The estimated cost of the restoration of the exterior and interior structures of the building is $6 million.</p><br>
<p>Since 2012, The Forum at St. Ann’s Arts & Culture Series organizes fundraising events with exhibitions, film screenings, poetry and book readings, panel discussions and concerts for the ongoing restorations.</p><br>
<p>Steepletop, also known as the Edna St. Vincent Millay House, was the farmhouse home of Pulitzer Prize-winning poet Edna St. Vincent Millay and her husband Eugene Jan Boissevain, in Austerlitz, New York, United States. Her former home and gardens are maintained by the Edna St. Vincent Millay Society. It was declared a National Historic Landmark on November 11, 1971. The Millay Colony for the Arts, founded in 1973 by Norma Millay Ellis, sister of the poet, is also located at Steepletop.</p><br>
<p>The name Steepletop comes from a pink, conical wildflower that grows there. The Society opened the house for tours in 2010.</p><br>
<h2>Property</h2><br>
<p>Steepletop is a 500 acre estate on a hilly, wooded area in the northeastern corner of the town near the Massachusetts state line. Although located within the range of the Taconic Mountains, the area is adjacent to the Berkshire Hills and is considered part of the cultural region of the Berkshires, known for its rich diversity in music, arts and recreation. The property is abutted on some areas by Beebe Hill and Harvey Mountain State Forest. It can be reached by taking partially paved East Hill Road to the main complex from the NY 22 state highway in the narrow valley to its west.</p><br>
<p>East Hill leads through the Steepletop property, on a rolling section of cleared land in the middle of the woods. Its most visible building is the guest house on the east side of the road, currently used as the Millay Colony&#39;s offices. It is a two-story building, sided in shingles with a gabled roof and two exterior brick chimneys. To its southeast is a stable now used as a garage, with a second floor studio. A barn with curved roof is located on the northeast.</p><br>
<p>Just north of it, across the road, is the main house, Millay&#39;s primary home during her years of residence. It is a two-story white clapboard-sided house with a steep gabled roof and central chimney, built into ground that rises up from the short unpaved driveway on the west. A one-and-a-half-story wing projects from the north.</p><br>
<p>The four-bay west (front) facade has a single-bay, single-story gabled porch sheltering the main entrance, a doorway with sidelights and transom. The north wing has three shed-roofed dormer windows, an interior chimney and a single-bay, single-story projection on its west just north of the main entrance. Its north end has a double door and single window in the gable field. On the wing&#39;s east side is a screened porch with a single shed dormer above.</p><br>
<p>Behind the main door is a small full-length hallway with stone floor. It is decorated with photographs of Millay and art objects collected by her and Boissevain, including a bust of Sappho and a desk made for Millay. An adjacent parlor has a wide brick mantelpiece and paintings of and by Norma Ellis and her husband Charles, who lived in the house after her sister&#39;s death. At the east end of the hall is the dining room.</p><br>
<p>To its north is the kitchen, as remodeled by Ladies Home Journal in 1948 for a feature story. Its pantry is to the west, with a small room containing a wood stove on the north. Beyond that is a large storage room with concrete floor, bathroom and closet. It contains file cabinets with recordings of readings of Millays work.</p><br>
<p>A stairway leads up to the second floor, with the library on the south. All its walls have shelves of Millay&#39;s books. At the northeast corner is her bedroom, which still has furniture she bought and dresses she wore to poetry readings. A newer bedroom, used by her sister and her husband, is to the west.</p><br>
<p>Northwest of the house is a small one-story wooden cabin, used by Millay as a writing studio. It has a door at the west end, one window on the north face and two on the south. Within are a stove, chaise longue, bureau, desk and chair, and a table with magazines from 1949, all as Millay left it.</p><br>
<p>Farther away from the house are two more buildings and Millay&#39;s grave. A gabled icehouse is to the north; the Ellises converted it into a workroom and storage space. West of the driveway is a swimming pool complex, with a roofed terrace Millay referred to as "the bar" and lawn she called "the dingle". Her gravesite is off a dirt road that branches off to the west from East Hill a thousand feet (305 m) north of the main house.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The guest house is believed to have been built in the late 18th century, considerably predating the main house, which is believed to have been built around 1870. Millay and Boissevain bought the property, which had been a 635 acre blueberry farm and moved in in 1925, after the period in which critics and scholars generally believe she had done her best work. She continued to write since the rural setting provided sufficient distance from the outside world, and the couple lived there except for periods of travel.</p><br>
<p>The couple built the barn shortly after moving in, from a kit they bought from Sears.</p><br>
<p>After World War II, in the late 1940s, she left Steepletop less frequently. Boissevain died in 1949, making her even more reclusive in the year before she was found dead at the foot of the stairway in the main house.</p><br>
<p>Her sister Norma and her husband, painter Charles Ellis, moved in afterwards. In 1973, they established Millay Colony for the Arts on the seven acres (2.8 ha) around the guest house and barn. After her husband&#39;s death in 1976, Norma continued to manage the colony program until her death in 1986. During that time, in 1980, she renovated the barn into housing for visiting artists. In 1997 a disabled-accessible main building was built on colony property. The colony continues to offer one-month residencies to writers, visual artists and composers from the USA and other countries.</p><br>
<p>The Edna St. Vincent Millay Society remains in charge of the main house, the outbuildings around it and the grounds as a whole. It operates the property as a historic house museum dedicated to Millay and has spent much effort on restoring the house and grounds. In 2003 the Friends of the Millay Society built the Millay Poetry Trail along the dirt road leading to her grave and those of several family members. The trail is open to the public and posted with her nature poetry along the shaded route.</p><br>
<p>The Wilford Wood House is located on Pleasant Hill Road just east of the New York State Thruway in the Mountainville section of Cornwall, New York, United States. It is a white Colonial Revival farmhouse built in the late 19th century, a period when most large new houses in Cornwall were being built as boardinghouses to serve those who came to the area as a summer resort. The Wood house, too, would be used as a boardinghouse where guests could take in the mountain air and views of the surrounding mountains.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998. Signs around the property indicate that it is currently owned by nearby Storm King Art Center. It is sided in white clapboard, with a gabled roof shingled in asphalt and pierced by two chimneys, one stone and the other brick. The cornice is bracketed. A porch with two classical columns runs the length of the western (front) facade.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The two-and-a-half-story house sits in the middle of its 2 acre lot, with views of Schunemunk Mountain to the south and the Hudson Highlands to the east. Immediately to the west is the New York State Thruway.</p><br>
<p>It is sided in white clapboard with a gabled roof covered in asphalt shingles, pierced by two chimneys, one stone and the other brick. The roofline is marked by a bracketed cornice. A small porch on the western (front) facade is supported by two classically styled columns.</p><br>
<p>The Dutch door at the entrance leads into a central hall, ending in a rear Dutch door. Oak flooring is original, but the lath and plaster walls on the first story have been covered over with drywall. An original staircase leads to the second story, where the plaster walls remain uncovered. More original furnishings, including fixtures for gas lamps, are up the disappearing staircase in the attic. Many of the doors in the house and their hardware are original.</p><br>
<p>A three-car-garage and breezeway are connected to the house. Built later, they are architecturally sympathetic.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built around 1890 as the center of the much larger Wood farm. At that time most larger houses in Cornwall were built to serve as boardinghouses (or, as with the Walter Hand House, both farmhouses and boardinghouses). It is a rare example of a late-19th-century farmhouse in the town, albeit later used as a boardinghouse as well due to the mountain scenery.</p><br>
<p>Only two substantial exterior renovations have been undertaken. The stone chimney was added to the south end around 1930, and in 1996 the garage and breezeway were added. The interior walls on the first story were also covered in drywall at some point in the late 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The Clove Furnace Ruin in Arden, New York, United States, was a longtime smelting site for iron ore mined from nearby veins in what is now Harriman State Park. It is located on Arden Station Road just east of the New York State Thruway, and can easily be seen from the highway. It was built in 1854 by Robert & Peter Parrott, who also owned and operated numerous mines in the area, known collectively as the Greenwood Iron Works. Together with the Greenwood Furnace , located roughly one half mile east of Clove, these two furnaces produced iron which supplied the Parrotts West Point Foundry at Cold Spring, NY. The foundry produced the famous and highly effective Parrott Rifle  utilized by the Union army during the Civil War. The furnace shut down permanently, shortly after Robert Parrotts death in 1877.</p><br>
<p>In 1973, these buildings were added to the National Register of Historic Places. They are on Columbia University&#39;s Arden property, but open to the public occasionally as a museum.</p><br>
<p>The 1942 Farmers and Mechanics Savings Bank building in downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, is a former bank building that is now the home of a Westin Hotel. The building is an example of the Streamline Moderne phase of the Art Deco movement and is notable for its bold relief sculptures of a farmer and a mechanic framing the main entrance. The sculptures were designed by Warren T. Mosman, who headed the sculpture department at the Minneapolis Institute of Arts. The structure was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>The previous Farmers and Mechanics Savings Bank headquarters was built in 1891 on 115 S. 4th St. It is now home to The Downtown Cabaret, a strip club.</p><br>
<p>The walnut-paneled main banking hall of the building is now the lobby of the hotel. The taller wings of the building once held offices, but now house 214 hotel rooms. The hotel conversion preserved several historic features of the bank building. The main banking lobby with a 34 ft high ceiling, marble staircase, and carved wood emblems have been retained. The bank&#39;s boardroom on the 10th floor, with floor-to-ceiling windows, is now a conference room. The original bank vault on the lower level is also a conference room, while the former safety deposit vault is now a wine vault and the entire bank has been made into a restaurant, called B.A.N.K. The restaurant kept as much of the original woodworking from the actual bank as possible. Former offices now serve as private dining rooms and the teller counter now serves as a bar.</p><br>
<p>Arden was the estate owned by railroad magnate Edward Henry Harriman and Mary Averell Harriman outside Harriman, New York. By the early 1900s, the family owned 40,000 acre in the area, half of it comprising the Arden Estate. The main house is at the top of a mountain east of the village, reachable by Arden House Road from NY 17. Since 2011 it has been owned by the nonprofit Research Center on Natural Conservation.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>On September 17, 1886, Harriman bought at auction the 7,863 acre Peter Parrott family estate for $52,500, which was named Arden by the Parrott family after Mrs. Parrott&#39;s maiden name. Over the next several years, he purchased an additional 20,000 acre, almost forty different parcels of land, and built 40 mi of bridle paths. Harriman hired Carrère and Hastings to design a home, which was begun in 1905. Harriman had planned it for many years, but lived in it for only a few months before his death in 1909.</p><br>
<p>The house features a dramatic music room, modeled after a medieval great hall. Around the central courtyard is a brick corridor lined with murals by Barry Faulkner. Harriman commissioned a number of American artists to decorate the house. James Earle Fraser did a bas-relief portrait of Harriman over one of the fireplaces, as well as a fountain in the interior court; Malvina Hoffman did a bust of Mrs. Harriman; and Charles Cary Rumsey did a fountain of the Three Graces, a marble fireplace surround that featured a caricature of architect Thomas Hastings, and corbel carvings of bighorn sheep in the music room. He also managed to marry Harriman&#39;s daughter, Mary, in 1910, much to the surprise of society. Lining the staircase were Herter Brothers tapestries depicting the creation of the house. On the second floor was an "Indian Corridor", featuring photographs of Native Americans taken by Edward S. Curtis during the Harriman Alaska Expedition of 1899.</p><br>
<p>Harrimans widow gave the house to her son W. Averell Harriman upon his wedding in 1915, although she continued to live in the west wing of the building until her death in 1932. After the USA entered World War II, the family offered the house to the USA Navy, which turned it into the first of the Navys convalescent hospitals, modeled on those that England and Russia had already successfully created. In 1950, Averell Harriman and his brother Roland deeded the property to Columbia University, as "home of The American Assembly", a public policy institution founded by Dwight D. Eisenhower the same year. It became primarily used as a center for executive management programs. The house was identified as America&#39;s first conference center, and became a National Historic Landmark in 1966 but is not open to the public.</p><br>
<p>It was from this estate that Harriman&#39;s widow donated 10,000 acre and one million dollars to New York State to start Harriman State Park in 1910.</p><br>
<p>In 2007, the Open Space Institute bought Arden House and its surrounding 450 acre. The house commands extensive views of the Ramapo River Valley. The property brings the total of preserved lands that were once owned by the Harriman family in New York State to nearly 70,000 acre, including Bear Mountain, Harriman and Sterling Forest State Parks.</p><br>
<p>In 2010, the Open Space Institute put the house up for sale. The house was purchased in 2011 by a Chinese-backed nonprofit, the Research Center on Natural Conservation.</p><br>
<p>Harmony Mills, in Cohoes, New York, United States, is an industrial district that is bordered by the Mohawk River and the tracks of the former Troy and Schenectady Railroad . It was listed as Harmony Mills Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. A portion of the district encompassing the industrial buildings and some of the housing built for millworkers was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1999. The centerpiece building, Harmony Mill No. 3 was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<p>It was the largest cotton mill complex in the world when it opened in 1872, and is one of the finest examples of a large-scale textile mill complex outside of New England.</p><br>
<p>The complex went into decline after its largest tenant, Barclay Home Products, went out of business in 1988. Mill 2 burned down in 1995. Mill 1 suffered devastating damage in a second fire in 1998.</p><br>
<p>Developer Uri Kaufman purchased the complex in 2000.</p><br>
<p>In 2005-2006, a portion of Mill 3 was renovated and turned into high-end residential lofts. The 96 loft apartments completed in this first phase were at 100% occupancy by July, 2006. A second phase containing 135 units was completed in 2010, adding a pool and spa and other luxury amenities. This phase—98% leased as of July, 2012—was called Harmony Mills Fallsview Luxury Apartments because of the views of the Cohoes Falls.</p><br>
<p>A third phase, restoring Mills 1 & 4 was commenced in early 2013. Mill 4 was completed in early December, 2013. 31 of its 33 loft apartments were pre-leased prior to receipt of the Certificate of Occupancy on December 6, 2013. In all, the Harmony Mills now contains 340 luxury loft apartments.</p><br>
<p>The revival of the Mills sparked a revival of the City of Cohoes. In the 2010 census, the City gained population for the first time since 1930. According to a study by the Center for Economic Growth, Cohoes was the fastest growing city in New York State in both 2015 and 2016. The project has been hailed as a prime example of how adaptive re-use of historic buildings can revitalize cities, while clearing urban blight in an environmentally friendly manner.</p><br>
<p>For his efforts in restoring the Harmony Mills, Uri Kaufman was awarded the New York State Preservation League Excellence Award. The Harmony Mills is featured on the Home Page of the New York State Historic Preservation Office Website, as a leading example of historic preservation development.</p><br>
<p>The Tillo Islands  is a group of small islands covered with tundra vegetation. They stretch along the Kara Sea coastal region, right off the bleak coast of Siberia&#39;s Taymyr Peninsula. Most of the islands of the group are a mere 3 or 4 km from the continental shore.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The largest island of the group is Pravdy Severa. Its length is 7 km and it has a maximum width of almost 2 km close to its eastern end. There is a lake on the southern side of its western end separated from the sea by a narrow spit. This island is located at the mouth of Voskresensky Bay, a shallow bay. This bay is enclosed on its western side by the Polyarnik Peninsula.</p><br>
<p>The sea surrounding the Tillo Islands is covered with fast ice in the winter, which is long and bitter, and the climate is severe. The surrounding sea is obstructed by pack ice even in the summer, so that these islands are connected with the mainland for most of the year.</p><br>
<p>This island group belongs to the Krasnoyarsk Krai administrative division of the Russian Federation. It is also part of the Great Arctic State Nature Reserve, the largest nature reserve of Russia.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Tillo Islands were explored by arctic geologist and prominent scientist Eduard Toll who led the Russian Polar Expedition on vessel Zarya in 1900-1902. Sponsored by the Russian Academy of Sciences, this expedition explored the northern shores of the Russian Empire.</p><br>
<p>This archipelago is named after Aleksey Tillo, a prominent Russian geographer, cartographer and land surveyor.</p><br>
<p>The Hudson River State Hospital, is a former New York state psychiatric hospital which operated from 1873 until its closure in the early 2000s. The campus is notable for its main building, known as a "Kirkbride," which has been designated a National Historic Landmark due to its exemplary High Victorian Gothic architecture, the first use of that style for an American institutional building. It is located on US 9 on the Poughkeepsie-Hyde Park town line.</p><br>
<p>Frederick Clarke Withers designed the hospitals buildings in 1867. Calvert Vaux and Frederick Law Olmsted designed the grounds. It was intended to be completed quickly, but went far over its original schedule and budget. The hospital opened on October 18, 1871 as the Hudson River State Hospital for the Insane and admitted its first 40 patients. Construction, however, was far from over and would continue for another 25 years. A century later, it was slowly closed down as psychiatric treatment had changed enough that large hospitals were no longer needed, and its services had been served by the nearby Hudson River Psychiatric Center until that facilitys closure in January 2012.</p><br>
<p>The campus was closed and abandoned in 2003 and since then has fallen into a state of disrepair. Authorities struggle with the risk of arson and vandals after suspicion of an intentionally set fire. The male bedding ward, south of the main building, was critically damaged in a 2007 fire caused by lightning. The property was sold to an unnamed buyer in November 2013.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings</h2><br>
<p>The Hospital includes a number of unique buildings:</p><br>
<p>Main Building (the Kirkbride), a High Victorian Gothic building used for administrative purposes</p><br>
<p>Patient Wings, which split off the Kirkbride, housed patients. The male ward splits off to the south, and is much larger than the female wing to the north. It was struck by lightning on May 31, 2007, igniting a serious fire.</p><br>
<p>Presbyterian and Roman Catholic churches were available to patients, one of which was near the male ward.</p><br>
<p>A morgue, with refrigerated cold chambers was located on the northeast corner of the property</p><br>
<p>A power house was built, and still stands, to the northeast of the Kirkbride to provide power to the various buildings. Its smokestack is visible from Route 9 as well as nearby Marist College.</p><br>
<p>Ryon Hall opened in 1934 and housed violent or criminally insane patients. It is on the very southern property line, visible from Home Depot, in the shadow of the much larger Cheney Building.</p><br>
<p>The Clarence O. Cheney Building, opened in 1952, is a ten-story steel structure with a brick facade. Named after Dr. Clarence O. Cheney, MD (1887-1947), the president of the American Psychiatric Association from 1935-1936, and hospitals superintendent from the 1920s until 1946, the building held doctors offices and medical examination rooms. The building did provide some patient housing.</p><br>
<p>The Herman B. Snow Rehabilitation Center opened in 1971 and provided recreational relief for patients, sporting two bowling alley lanes, a lunch counter, an auditorium, a basketball court, and an indoor swimming pool. The building featured a modern concrete and glass construction with angular asymmetrical wings. Skylights provided natural lighting.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The entire facility was built over the last three decades of the 19th century, at great cost. Once complete, it would be used as intended for much of the first half of the next century. As psychiatry moved away from inpatient treatments, it began to decline in use until its closure at century&#39;s end. Today, it is slowly deteriorating out of public view as it awaits reuse.</p><br>
<h3>19th century</h3><br>
<p>New York had opened what has since become Utica Psychiatric Center in 1843, the first state-run institution for the mentally ill. By the Civil War it was reaching its capacity, so in 1866 then Governor Reuben Fenton appointed a five-member state commission to look for a site for a second hospital in the Hudson Valley between New York and Albany, to serve New York City and the counties of Eastern New York. In January of the following year the members reported to the governor that they had temporarily secured a 296 acre tract of land overlooking the Hudson River north of Poughkeepsie, formerly part of the estates of James Roosevelt and William A. Davis. It would cost nothing as the citizens of Dutchess County would be offering it to the state as a gift. Two months later, the state accepted.</p><br>
<p>A nine-member Board of Managers was created and appointed to initiate and oversee construction of the actual building. They chose architect Frederick Clarke Withers to design a building according to the Kirkbride Plan, then a popular theory for the design of mental institutions. Withers planned a building 1,500 feet (457 m) in length and over 500,000 square feet (45,000 m²) in area, most of it two wings that would house patients. It was the first institutional building in the USA designed in the High Victorian Gothic style. Calvert Vaux and Frederick Law Olmsted, designers of New York&#39;s Central Park, laid out the surrounding landscape. Like Withers, they had been mentored by the influential Andrew Jackson Downing in nearby Newburgh.</p><br>
<p>The centerpiece of his design was the administration building, which branched off into two wings, composed of six parallel pavilions that flanked the central structure. The two wings, designed to hold 300 patients of either sex, were divided by a chapel placed between them in the yard behind the administration building so that patients could not see into the rooms of the opposite sex. The building and landscape plan were meant to aid in patients&#39; recovery, by giving them adequate space and privacy and imbuing their healing with a sense of grandeur.</p><br>
<p>Construction began in 1868, with the cost estimated at $800,000. Cost-saving measures included the construction of a new dock on the Hudson so that building materials could be shipped more directly to the site, quarrying and cutting the foundation stones on site, mixing concrete from local materials and hiring local craftsmen instead of a general contractor.</p><br>
<h4>Spending controversies and delays</h4><br>
<p>Despite the efforts to save money, the board was slightly over the $100,000 it had expected to spend that year, according to its first annual report. The main building was completed and opened, with 40 patients admitted, in October 1871. As work continued on other structures planned for the complex, so did the cost overruns. In 1873, the year county residents had been promised the hospital would be finished, the New York Times ran an editorial harshly criticizing the board for not only having gone way over budget but for lavish extravagance and waste:</p><br>
<p>Some efforts were made to stop the project, but the legislature continued to appropriate funds despite further revelations like these. Construction continued until 1895, when further money could not be found. Despite this expenditure of time and money, the hospital&#39;s original plan was still not complete, and never would be.</p><br>
<h3>20th century</h3><br>
<p>A Refrigerating Plant was built 1948 and a Tubercular Hospital was built in 1951 to the designs of Samuel Juster of DePace & Juster. Buildings continued to be opened and reopened in the 20th century, and as late as 1952 the institution was treating as many as 6,000 patients.</p><br>
<p>Changes in the treatment of mental illness, such as psychotherapy and psychotropic drugs, were making large-scale facilities relics and allowing more patients to lead more normal lives without being committed. A major fire destroyed a hospital wing in the 1960s and threatened to spread to the administration building, but was halted in a connecting hallway. The section was rebuilt, although some large beams roof beams still showed evidence of the earlier fire. Though 1971 saw the addition of the Snow Recreational center, by the late 1970s the hospital administration had decided to shut down the two main wings as few patients were residing in them and due to neglect some of the floors had collapsed. The hospital housed 1,780 patients by 1976. The state offices of Mental Health and Historic Preservation clashed over a plan to demolish the wings, even after the National Historic Landmark designation in 1989.</p><br>
<p>In the 1990s, more and more of the hospital site would be abandoned as its services were needed less and less. It was consolidated with another Dutchess County mental hospital, Harlem Valley Psychiatric Center, in 1994 and closed in 2003. The center moved operations into a much smaller building nearby, Ross Pavilion, located on a hilltop on the east side of Rt 9G.</p><br>
<h2>21st century</h2><br>
<p>In 2005, the state sold the property and subsequently, the Empire State Development Corporation sold 156 acre including the Main Building to Hudson Heritage LLC, a subsidiary of the Chazen Companies, for $2.75 million. Hudson Heritage and Chazen had planned to thoroughly renovate the Main Building into a combination hotel/apartment complex as the centerpiece of a residential/commercial campus, Hudson Heritage Park.</p><br>
<p>Redevelopment plans hit two setbacks in the mid- to late-2000s: in 2005, the Town of Poughkeepsie imposed a moratorium on new construction to cope with its growth. Hudson Heritage had been seeking to have a "historic revitalization district" created for the property that would help spur its growth.</p><br>
<p>Then, on May 31, 2007, lightning struck the sprawling south wing, which held male housing, causing one of the most serious fires in Dutchess County&#39;s history. It is unclear whether that portion of the building can be effectively restored after such severe damage.</p><br>
<p>In the meantime, the property has remained closed to the public, with signs posted at fenced-off entrances. Local firefighters have complained, after dealing with two fires in April 2010 that appeared to be deliberately set, that the property is not adequately secured against trespassing.</p><br>
<h2>2010s</h2><br>
<p>As of May 2012, the campus is owned by CPC Resources, a subsidiary of the New York City-based Community Preservation Corporation, a non-profit mortgage lender that finances multifamily developments. CPC has placed the 162-acre parcel on the market, citing that the poor economy has hindered timely development. Walmart has shown a strong interest in the property, but Poughkeepsie Town Supervisor Todd Tancredi noted that the Town Board cannot envision such a large piece of land used for a single store.</p><br>
<p>An unnamed buyer purchased the campus for an undisclosed sum in November 2013. The closing for the property occurred on November 8, 2013.</p><br>
<p>The Kamennye Islands or Kammenny Islands  is a group of islands in the Kara Sea, Russian Federation.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The islands lie off the coast of Siberia, west of the mouths of river Pyasina. They are covered with tundra vegetation.</p><br>
<p>The sea surrounding the Kamennye Islands is covered with pack ice with some polynias in the winter and there are many ice floes even in the summer, so that they are connected with the Siberian mainland during the long winters. The climate is severe and summers last only about two months.</p><br>
<p>This island group belongs to the Krasnoyarsk Krai administrative division of the Russian Federation.</p><br>
<h3>Islands</h3><br>
<p>The main islands are (from East to West):</p><br>
<p>Morzhovo Island, with a diameter of only 4 km, is the closest to land. It is only about 11 km from the Siberian coastline.</p><br>
<p>Rastorguyev Island. It is long and narrow, and about 15 km in length. It is occasionally confused with Kolchak Island (which is located further east in the Kara Sea along the coast south of the Nordenskiold Archipelago, and until 2005, used to also be known as Rastorguyev Island).</p><br>
<p>Vostochny Island, is the largest in the group; 17 km in length and 9 km wide.</p><br>
<p>Zapadny Kamenny Island, roughly circular in shape; 8.5 km in diameter.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>These islands were explored by Russian geologist Baron Eduard Von Toll during an expedition on behalf of the Imperial Russian Academy of Sciences.</p><br>
<p>They island group is included in the Great Arctic State Nature Reserve of the Russian Arctic.</p><br>
<p>Eustatia Island is a 30-acre volcanic island of the British Virgin Islands  in the Caribbean. The word "Eustatia” is a Greek derived word meaning, “good place to stay.” The entire island, and a small neighboring island, Saba Rock, are under the same long term lease. The island is regularly featured and photographed for several publications and was listed as one to top 20 most beautiful islands in the world in the December 2004 issue of Islands magazine.</p><br>
<h2>Location and Ownership</h2><br>
<p>Eustatia Island is located at latitude 18.51 north and longitude 64.36 west in the eastern section of the British Virgin Islands slightly to the north of Virgin Gorda and Prickly Pear and to the south of Necker Island. The BVI are a group of islands located approximately 1,100 miles southeast of Miami, Florida, 60 miles dues east of Puerto Rico and about 120 miles northwest of St. Barts. The island was purchased in 2000 by Mike Hahn, a financier and avid sailor who grew up on Lake Erie. The island is leased by the British Crown to a company registered in the BVI named Eustatia Corporation (company # 1512465) and is entered into the Land Registry as Block 5547A. The head lease granted by the Crown also includes a lease that includes neighboring Saba Rock, a popular restaurant/bar/boutique hotel frequented by sailors, kiteboarders, musicians/actors and creative types. The underlying shareholders of companies in the BVI are not required to register with the Company Registry therefore no definitive information is available on who the underlying owner is. Although the following statement cannot be corroborated by any authentic or reliable information source, it is widely thought among local BVI residents that the island is owned by Larry Page (Page was married on nearby Necker Island).</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>Similar to neighboring islands, Eustatia has fresh trade winds, warm year round ambient and water temperatures, and over 300 days of sunshine per year. Trade winds tend to average 10-15 knots from the east northeast. Ambient temperatures range from average day time highs of 85F-90F in the summer to 80F-85F in the winter. Lows average 80F to 75F respectively. Water temperatures are warm year round with the coolest being 77F in the winter to a high 85F in the summer.</p><br>
<p>While the months of September–November tend to receive the greatest accumulations of rain, there is no official “rainy season”. Squalls tend to be intermittent, short lasting, but fairly intense. Relative humidity typically ranges from 60-80%.</p><br>
<p>Hurricane season is from June 1 through November 30 with the statistical peak in mid September. The last hurricane to hit Eustatia was August 30, 2010, when Hurricane Earl brushed the area as a Category 4 hurricane. Prior to Hurricane Earl, no direct strikes had occurred since the 1990s.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Eustatia Island is volcanic in origin and is approximately 30 acres in size, 1,870 feet (0.35 miles) in length, 1,020 feet (0.2 miles) in width and is 210 feet in elevation. The terrain is hilly, but not as rugged as some of the BVI’s other islands with most of Eustatia being accessible by foot. Three white sand beaches are located on the island, with the main beach on the south, a smaller beach on the north side, and another beach on the southwest side of the island.</p><br>
<h2>Surrounding Area</h2><br>
<p>The North Sound area is considered to be the prime resort and yachting location in the BVI where mega yachts, celebrities and high-net-worth individuals come to enjoy the protected waters, water sports and access to a range of islands and resorts. The protected waters and anchorages combined with proximity to luxury resorts and services, as well as neighboring islands provide privacy and convenience.</p><br>
<p>The island overlooks Eustatia Sound, a body of water protected by the extensive Eustatia reef and separated from the North Sound area by a narrow gap within which lies Saba Rock. Eustatia Sound is generally off limits to charter boats and provides some of the best water sports activities in the islands. The steady trade winds blowing across the protected waters make Eustatia Sound a windsurfing and kite surfing mecca, while the surrounding reefs provide plenty of opportunities for safe snorkeling and diving.</p><br>
<p>On Virgin Gorda, the Bitter End Yacht Club offers open air dining through three distinct venues, a 25 slip marina and one of the best known water sports centers in the Caribbean. Saba Rock Island Resort features a 10 deep water slip marina, rooms and suites, a restaurant and bar, nautical museum and salt water tank with sea life. The 140 acre Biras Creek Resort has 31 suites, a marina, a restaurant and 5 star rated services. The Leverick Bay Resort and Marina is situated in the western end of North Sound and offers rooms and suites, full service dock, a 15 slip marina, restaurant, bar and grill, fishing and dive tours, gift shop and nautical gallery. Prickly Pear Island, a designated National Park, features a number of beaches and hiking trails. Necker Island, a world-famous Virgin Limited Edition luxury retreat, and Mosquito Island, are both owned by British billionaire, Sir Richard Branson.</p><br>
<h2>Plants, Wildlife, Sea Life</h2><br>
<p>A variety of tropical flora and fauna including, jasmine, hibiscus, bougainvillea, tamarind, frangipani, allemande, honey suckle, cacti and succulents are found throughout the island. One of the largest mature coconut palm plantations in the BVI is located on the main beach of Eustatia Island. Bird species include sea gulls, pelicans, frigates, boobies, hummingbirds, and doves. Several species of lizards including wood slave, ground, saddleback, and man lizards are also regularly seen throughout the island.</p><br>
<p>Commonly seen in the surrounding water are a wide variety of reef fish including, grunts, parrotfish, trumpet, trigger, snapper, grouper, wrasse, damsel, porcupine and dozens of other species. Green, Loggerhead, and Hawksbill sea turtles are routinely spotted as are southern and spotted stingrays. Conch, lobster, crabs and other invertebrates are abundant.</p><br>
<h2>Island Features</h2><br>
<p>Within the owner’s estate there is a three bedroom hilltop villa with pool and hot tub and sunrise and sunset views, a two bedroom villa on the beach nestled in a palm grove, and a three bedroom cottage. The estate has three white sand beaches, hiking trails, a mountain top pavilion and viewing decks, beach pavilion, and lounging pavilion. There are two additional houses on the southwest tip of the island. The island was carefully developed to keep it in a natural state.</p><br>
<h2>Sustainability</h2><br>
<p>All of the homes on the island utilize an extensive solar system which provides the island with 100 percent of its electrical requirements through solar conversion. Water requirements are fully sustainable. Water is collected through rainfall, filtered and used for drinking and bathing requirements. An organic sewage treatment process recycles gray water into landscaping. Most furnishings were selected from recycled or sustainable wood species. Light fixtures were salvaged from old naval vessels.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During the Golden Age of Piracy the island has been rumored to have been the haunt of pirates. North Sound served as an anchorage for pirates who would have used an “s” route through Eustatia Sound to gain access to the open waters of the Caribbean Sea to escape British ships blocking the entrance and exit to North Sound. This route required superior steering and intimate knowledge of the many shoals and cuts through the reefs in order to not run aground.</p><br>
<p>Great Thatch is an uninhabited island of the British Virgin Islands in the Caribbean. It is one of the westernmost islands in the Territory. It is believed to take its name from the famous pirate, Edward Teach , although there is little evidence Blackbeard ever sailed in the Virgin Islands.</p><br>
<p>Although presently uninhabited, it was formerly occupied, and boasted a customs house and mail exchange where the mail would be delivered from Charlotte Amalie by skiff after the packet ships had called there.</p><br>
<p>The island was the site of significant act of civil disobedience in 1856, three years&#39; after the British community of the British Virgin Islands had largely fled during the insurrection of 1853. On 24 November 1856 the sub-Treasurer of Tortola sought to seize a boat belonging to an inhabitant of Thatch Island, as it was then known, for trading without a licence. He was assaulted and his crew badly beaten. Two days later a force of four constables was dispatched to arrest the offenders, but upon their landing they were obstructed by a crowd of 40 to 50 people. They persisted in making the arrest, and were also severely beaten. The following day, a force of some 30 men, principally rural constables, 12 of whom were armed, landed on the island to quell the insubordination and apprehend the perpetrators of the violence. In the event, it was only the intervention of Wesleyan missionaries who were influential amongst the inhabitants which enabled arrests to be made without further violence. Isaac Dookhan cites this as an example of the general spirit of unrest which prevailed in the Territory during the 1850s.</p><br>
<p>There remains a significant ruin on the island, although it is extremely difficult to access as the paths are all heavily overgrown.</p><br>
<p>The island was formerly in private hands, but was repurchased by the Government of the Territory in September 1997, and is now a national park.</p><br>
<p>Great Tobago is an uninhabited island of the British Virgin Islands in the Caribbean, located, along with sister island Little Tobago, approximately six miles west of Jost Van Dyke. Great Tobago and Little Tobago islands are protected as a national park, and, along with the nearby Mercurious and Watson Rocks, represent the western border of the British Virgin Islands.</p><br>
<p>Great Tobago contains the Caribbean&#39;s third largest population of nesting seabirds, including Magnificent Frigate Birds, Long-tailed Tropic Birds, Terns, Pelicans, and other species. Though it&#39;s legal to snorkel and dive around the island, it is illegal to anchor because all potential anchoring locations are coral reefs that would be destroyed by an anchor. Large fines can occur if you violate this no-anchor zone, which is frequently patrolled by the BVI Marine Police.</p><br>
<p>In the 1990s, a company from the neighboring United States Virgin Islands floated a proposal to build a waste dump on Great Tobago Island, but the proposal was turned down by the British Virgin Islands government.</p><br>
<p>Nanny Cay is an island of the British Virgin Islands in the Caribbean. It is made up of three cays originally known as Big Cay, Little Cay and Miss Peggy Cay. In the 1970s these were consolidated into a single land mass for a marina and resort development. It is connected to Tortola by a short bridge. A marina, hotel, restaurants, condominiums and townhouses have now been built on Nanny Cay.</p><br>
<p>It also holds a minor footnote in legal history, having been the subject of a receivership for over 12 years during the 1980s and 1990s, and is the longest ever receivership in the history of Barclays Bank PLC. The current owners, Cameron McColl and John McCoach and Graeme Scott purchased it from Barclays.</p><br>
<p>Today, Nanny Cay has a marina and boatyard which has berths for 180 motor cruisers and yachts and two boat lifts of 50 and 70 tons capacity with storage for 200 boats. It also includes a 40-room hotel and new waterfront townhouses for purchase and rental, two restaurants, a small supermarket, shops and boutiques, a dive shop, a water sports center, and a gym and spa.</p><br>
<p>Sandy Cay is an uninhabited island of the British Virgin Islands in the Caribbean. It is located between Tortola and Jost Van Dyke. The island was owned by the Laurance Rockefeller Estate. On 1 May 2008, ownership of the island was transferred to the National Parks Trust of the Virgin Islands.</p><br>
<p>The island comprises 13.57 acres. It is a "managed habitat" area. The island has a short hiking trail, maintained with the help of Island Resources Foundation (IRF), an international non-governmental organization (NGO). IRF subcontracts caretaking responsibilities to a local organization, The Jost Van Dyke Preservation Society (JVDPS), which sponsors regular visits from Little Harbour on Jost Van Dyke to maintain the trail, do frequent bird counts and remove trash.</p><br>
<p>The rocks on the island have a greenish colour from copper ore deposits. The island also contains a small salt pond in its centre.</p><br>
<p>The name Sandy Cay is also shared by several small islands in the Bahamas as well as an island in Honduras.</p><br>
<p>There is no beach bar or anything similar on the island, though it is a very popular stopping point for holiday makers cruising on boats in the area. There is a small daytime mooring field on the leeward (southwest) side of the island.</p><br>
<p>The Vari Cave, also known as the Nympholyptos Cave , is a small cave northeast of Vari in Attica, Greece. In classical antiquity the cave was used as a shrine dedicated to Apollo, Pan and the Nymphs. The cave was occupied from the sixth to second century BC. The cave then fell into disuse until it was occupied again in the fourth century AD. It was finally abandoned in approximately the sixth century. The cave was excavated in 1901.</p><br>
<p>It lies near the top of one of the southern spurs of Mount Hymettus at an altitude of almost 300 meters. From Vari, it can be reached on foot in one hour. The cave is unique in Greece because of its rock-cut sculptures. The marble votive tablets from the cave are now exhibited at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens.</p><br>
<p>Because of its use for the veneration of Pan the cave is also called the Cave of Pan. It was one of the five caves of Pan in the vicinity of ancient Athens.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>According to inscriptions found in the cave, the sanctuary was built by Archedemus of Thera. He identified himself as a nympholept and states that he built the sanctuary "at the Nymph&#39;s counsel". Archedemus has a cross on his right shoulder that has as yet found no explanation.</p><br>
<p>Unlike many other caves, prehistoric remains were not found. The earliest inscription found in the cave was dated to approximately the beginning of the sixth century BC. A relief depicting Archedemus is dated to approximately 400 BC, most likely during the apex of the sanctuary&#39;s popularity. A second-century coin from Athens found in the cave provides evidence that it was continuously occupied from about 600 BC to 150 BC.</p><br>
<p>For the next four or five centuries the cave apparently fell into disuse because material dated to this period was not found. Coins found in the cave suggest that a new period of occupation began in the time of the Roman Empire, approximately during the reign of Constantine the Great (307–337 AD). Based on the number of coins found, the sanctuary became even more popular during the reign of his successor, Constantius II (337–361 AD). Coins indicate the sanctuary was still visited during the time of Arcadius (395–408 AD). Because no remains of later dates were found the cave was abandoned after this time. The absence of remains of offerings with significant value means the cave had probably always been a sanctuary for poor people.</p><br>
<p>A large number of Roman oil lamps with Christian designs were found in the cave. The excavators dated these to the same period as the coins, the fourth and early fifth century. Many remains of the first period of occupation, especially the reliefs, were found destroyed. The oil lamps and deliberate destruction of pagan sculptures led the excavators to the conclusion that the cave became a Christian shrine in the second period of occupation.</p><br>
<p>The site is not mentioned by any ancient writer. However, there is inconclusive evidence that Claudius Aelianus and Olympiodorus the Younger describe the cave. They write that the infant Plato was taken to a spot on Mount Hymettus by his parents Ariston and Perictione. His parents performed sacrifices on his behalf to Pan, Apollo, the Muses and the Nymphs. Even though the reliability of both late authors is questionable, the list of deities is nearly identical with those known to be honored in the cave.</p><br>
<p>More recent research disputes the interpretation of the cave as a Christian site. According to the latest evidence there were no Attic oil lamps with Christian designs until the fifth century. The small number of more sophisticated Christian oil lamps probably date to the sixth century. More importantly, the presence of Christian oil lamps does not imply the site was Christian. Elsewhere in the Roman Empire pagans used Christian oil lamps when non-Christian ones were not available. A remote cave like the one near Vari would have made a suitable location for continuing pagan religious practice in secret after the Empire started persecuting pagans. If Christians smashed the sculptures, it most likely happened at the end of the reoccupation rather than its beginning. Instead, it was possible that the pagan Platonists of late Roman Athens would have frequented the site due to its association with Plato.</p><br>
<h2>Layout</h2><br>
<p>The opening of the cave descends vertically. From the opening approximately a dozen steps are cut in the ridge at the western end, which are now broken. After these steps comes a landing from which the two rooms of the cave are visible, separated by a large rock partition.</p><br>
<p>From the landing another set of ancient stairs take the visitor to a position at the upper side of the larger room. The largest shrine of the cave is found here. The shrine is dedicated to Pan and looks a like a rough imitation of the facade of a temple. A headless seated figure and an object with a shape resembling an omphalos are hewn from the rock in this room, but they are too damaged to be identified.</p><br>
<p>After descending more steps a rock-cut shrine to Apollo Hersus is found towards the bottom of the cave. Next to this shrine is the rock-cut image of Archemus who is crudely depicted as a stonecutter with his tools.</p><br>
<h2>Excavations</h2><br>
<p>Richard Chandler was the first scientist to visit and report on the cave in 1765. Through the 19th century the cave was visited by more scholars, but it was not until 1901 that it was excavated. The excavation was led by Charles Heald Weller of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens.</p><br>
<p>The Nathaniel Topliff Allen Homestead is a historic house at 35 Webster Street in the village of West Newton, in Newton, Massachusetts. The Greek Revival house is notable as the home of educator Nathaniel Topliff Allen, an innovative educator of the mid-19th century who operated an experimental school on the premises. Allen&#39;s pioneering work was influential in the development of new teaching methods taught at the state normal school . The house is listed in the National Register of Historic Places, at 25 Webster Street. The property is now owned by Newton Cultural Alliance.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Allen Homestead is located at the northeast corner of Webster and Cherry Streets, one block north of the center of West Newton village in a residential area. The homestead consists of a series of connected wood-frame structures, of which the main house is a 2-1/2 story Greek Revival house with a temple front facing Webster Street. This was built in c. 1848–1852, probably by Milo Lucas, a local builder. Behind this block (to the north) is a two-story flat-roofed structure, built in the late 19th century as a dormitory space. This is joined on the right (east) side to the schoolhouse, a 2-1/2 story gable-roofed structure.</p><br>
<p>Nathaniel Topliff Allen was hired in 1847 by Horace Mann, the Massachusetts Secretary of Education, to operate a model school in Newton, at which students could be taught using methods developed at the nearby normal school. Allens school became an internationally-renowned showcase for teaching methods, and rapidly outgrew its facilities. When the normal school moved to Framingham (becoming the school now known as Framingham State University), Allen purchased its building and this house to continue running his school. Allens innovations included the first-ever kindergarten, and an emphasis on physical fitness, exemplified in part by the school&#39;s large (for the period) gymnasium.</p><br>
<p>The West Newton Hill NR Historic District is a residential National Register historic district in the village of West Newton, in the city of Newton, Massachusetts in the United States. It is composed of a cohesive collection of spacious houses built in the second half of the 19th century, representing the development of the West Newton area as a fashionable railroad suburb. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Boston and Worcester Railroad was built through West Newton in 1834, leading to its first significant period of growth. At this time, Chestnut Street was laid out across the hill south of the railroad line, and several houses were built. The improvement of regular passenger service in 1843 spurred further growth in the village, and in 1849 developers hired Alexander Wadsworth to lay out an 80 acre subdivision on the hill. Ten houses were built before 1879, and the majority of the development took place between 1880 and 1900. The district includes 36 acre of these subdivisions, with 58 contributing houses that are predominantly Queen Anne, Shingle, and Colonial Revival in their styling. Only six houses were built in the area after 1936.</p><br>
<p>One of the oldest houses in the district is 12 Valentine Street, a Greek Revival house that was moved into the area, and is believed to include timbers used from an early farmhouse. There are two Second Empire houses, at 152 Chestnut and 292 Otis Street, and only a few more Italianate houses. Chestnut Street is lined by a significant number of Queen Anne houses, notable among them 170 Chestnut, which features the asymmetrical styling and varied gables, dormers, and projections typical of the style. The houses at 332 and 334 Otis Street are nearly mirror images of one another, with off-center projecting pavilions and hip roofs.</p><br>
<p>The National Register district is bounded on the west by Chestnut Street, running just south of Westfield Road to Highland Street, and on the north by Otis Street from Chestnut to Lenox Street, which defines the eastern boundary. The southern boundary Valentine and Highland Streets, omitting the houses south of those roads except for those within the triangular junction of Valentine Street with Burnham and Hampshire Roads.</p><br>
<p>In 2017, the Newton Historical Commission and the Massachusetts Historical Commission approved a study report proposing a Local Historic District on West Newton Hill. This would encompass about 330 houses, including those in the existing National Register areas including West Newton Hill (described in this article), Putnam Street, and the Day Estate, as well as the Second Church, the original Peirce School, the Neighborhood Club and the Henry Day House. The proposed boundaries of this new district would link houses on either side of Chestnut Street into one protected area, while still allowing for ongoing modifications and updates to houses. If approved by the Newton City Council, a Local Historic District would provide a tool to potentially stop demolition of historically and architecturally significant structures.</p><br>
<p>The 1891 Farmers and Mechanics Savings Bank building in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, is a Beaux-Arts style building that formerly served as the headquarters of Farmers and Mechanics Savings Bank. In 1942, the bank moved to a new location at 88 S. 6th St. at the corner of Sixth and Marquette.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed by the locally prominent firm of Long and Kees as a one-story building. Long and Kees usually preferred the then-popular Richardsonian Romanesque style for their buildings, but deviated from this style for the bank. In 1908 architect William Kenyon designed a second-story addition that enlarged the façade while retaining the Beaux-Arts style. The exterior is faced with white limestone, with five piers of rusticated stone supporting fluted Corinthian pilasters. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The building is now home to The Downtown Cabaret, a strip club. Architecture critic Larry Millett writes, "If you step inside for a view of the, ahem, scenery, youll discover a glass dome that once illuminated a ladies banking lobby&#39; but is now the scene of activities not everyone would consider ladylike."</p><br>
<p>Rucker Pond is a reservoir within the LBJ National Grasslands. The pond is located in North Texas in Wise County near Decatur. It is off County Road 2650. Among Rucker Pond&#39;s fish species are largemouth bass.</p><br>
<p>Rucker Pond is located within Area 55 of the LBJ National Grasslands (Map grid C1). The pond is accessible via unsealed Forest Service road 916, which intersects Wise County Road 2650.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>As part of the LBJ Grasslands, Rucker Pond is freely available for recreational use by the public. Activities include fishing, camping, hiking, and hunting. There is no boat landing or dock at the lake. Reservations are not required for camping, and the area is open year round.</p><br>
<h2>Statistics</h2><br>
<p>Operated by: United States Forest Service</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>From Decatur, travel North on F.M. 730. Turn left on County Road 2650. Turn left at the intersection of C.R. 2650/2750. Turn left on to Forest Service road 916, and follow the gravel road until it ends.</p><br>
<p>The Smith Clove Meeting House is a Quaker place of worship in Highland Mills, New York, United States, a short distance from NY 32 on Smith Clove Road. It is the oldest religious building in the town and village of Woodbury, dating to the beginning of the 19th century, and is still used by the nearby Cornwall Quakers for meetings at least once a year.</p><br>
<p>While modified and renovated in the mid-19th century, its design still reflects its era of Quaker practice. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The meetinghouse sits in the middle of a two-acre (8,000 m²) lot, gently sloping uphill westward. The land is mostly open with several large trees, and some smaller ones that shade the meeting house. A small burial ground for early members of the meeting is located just to the north.</p><br>
<p>It is a one-and-a-half-story four-by-two-bay clapboard-sided frame house supported by a fieldstone foundation. The gabled, wood-shingled roof is pierced by a central chimney.</p><br>
<p>A porch runs the length of the south-facing front facade. The entrances are on either end, with an accompanying window, reflecting a contemporary Quaker practice of holding separate meetings for men and women. There are two other windows on the east and west elevations. A small privy is attached to the rear elevation.</p><br>
<p>The interior consists of a sparely finished meeting room, with removable wooden partition. The walls are painted plaster, the flooring is wide wooden planks. The furniture consists of simple wooden benches and two wood-burning stoves.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Smith Clove meeting began in 1790 as a preparative meeting under the Cornwall meeting, a few miles to the north. They met in a member&#39;s home until the need for a separate meeting house became apparent after a decade, and the land for the current meeting house was purchased in 1801. The name Smith Clove came from the original landowner of the area from the Cheesecocks Patent, William Smith, and the Dutch term kloof, for a steep, narrow valley such as the one in which Highland Mills is located, between Schunemunk Mountain and the Hudson Highlands, where Woodbury Creek flows.</p><br>
<p>The members built the house themselves, it is believed, and it was complete and in use by 1803. To avoid the possible confiscation of the land, which had happened to some Quaker meetings in the area before the Revolution, several of the member families held title to the land rather than the meeting itself.</p><br>
<p>In the middle of the 19th century, the meeting house was renovated. Most of the building and the original interior were kept. The clapboard siding matches the wide planks used in other Quaker meeting houses ca. 1800, but may have been replaced at this time as well. In 1886, with confiscation no longer a threat, title was passed to the meeting proper. Over time the Highland Mills meeting dwindled to the point that it merged back into the Cornwall meeting, which still meets in Smith Clove once a year.</p><br>
<p>The Clarke Historical Museum  in Eureka, California contains the area&#39;s premier collection of far California North Coast regional and cultural history, with significant focus on the 19th Century Victorian era. The facility has an entire Native American wing, which features an extensive internationally recognized collection of basketry, regalia, stoneware, implements, and other objects indicative of the culture and creativity of local and regional Native American groups.</p><br>
<p>The museum is housed in the former Bank of Eureka & Savings Bank of Humboldt Building (1911) in Old Town Eureka, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The bank building is a Classical Revival or Neoclassical structure, notable for its elevations, which are covered in glazed architectural terra-cotta over brick. It is the most significant structure covered in this material north of San Francisco. Quoined pavilions flank the recessed portico supported by ionic columns and an extensive balustraded parapet appears above the cornice.</p><br>
<p>The Levi F. Warren Jr. High School is a former public junior high school building  located at 1600 Washington Street, in the village of West Newton, in Newton, Massachusetts. It was named for Levi F. Warren, who graduated in 1854 from what is now Bridgewater State College and taught 21 years in grammar schools in Salem and in Newton, where he was a principal in West Newton.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1927 of red brick, it was designed in a mixture of the Colonial Revival and Georgian Revival styles by noted Boston architects Ripley and LeBoutillier, and is the city&#39;s most architecturally sophisticated early 20th-century school building. It is a large two-story structure, set on a raised basement, which is demarcated by a granite water table. Its main facade has a central five-bay section with a gable roof with a pedimented entry and a cupola atop the roof. This central section is flanked by eight-bay sections that are terminated in end pavilions with pediments above, and secondary entrances in the side facades. A two-story wing, apparently integral to the original construction extends to the rear of the central portion, and a later addition extends to the right rear. On March 16, 1990, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The school was closed in 1982. The building, now called Warren House, is divided into 59 rental apartments and sits on a smaller parcel of 168,479 ft&sup2; carved out of the original school property. The remaining school property on the east, south and west totals 459,769 ft&sup2; and is still owned by the City of Newton and is used for parks and recreational purposes.</p><br>
<p>The Needle Rocks, also known as the Needles, are a group of five main rock islets located close to the south-western coast of Tasmania, Australia. With a combined area of approximately 10.5 hectare, the islets are part of the Maatsuyker Islands Group, and comprise part of the Southwest National Park and the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Site.</p><br>
<p>The Maatsuyker Island Lighthouse is located on Maatsuyker Island and illuminates the Needle Rocks.</p><br>
<h2>Fauna</h2><br>
<p>The vegetation is dominated by the pig face, a succulent plant.</p><br>
<p>The islets are part of the Maatsuyker Island Group Important Bird Area, identified as such by BirdLife International because of its importance as a breeding site for seabirds. Recorded breeding seabird and wader species are the little penguin (40 pairs), short-tailed shearwater (860 pairs), fairy prion (10,600 pairs), Pacific gull, silver gull, sooty oystercatcher and black-faced cormorant. The metallic skink is present. Up to 1200 Australian fur seals use the rocks as a regular haul-out site.</p><br>
<p>Aogashima is a volcanic Japanese island in the Philippine Sea. The island is administered by Tokyo and located approximately 358 km south of Tokyo and 64 km south of Hachijō-jima. It is the southernmost and most isolated inhabited island of the Izu archipelago.</p><br>
<p>The village of Aogashima administers the island under Hachijō Subprefecture of Tokyo Metropolis. The island&#39;s area is 8.75 km&sup2; and, its population is 170. Aogashima is also within the boundaries of the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Aogashima is a complex Quaternary volcanic island 3.5 km in length with a maximum width of 2.5 km, formed by the overlapping remnants of at least four submarine calderas. The island is surrounded by very steep rugged cliffs of layered volcanic deposits. The southern coast also rises to a sharp ridge forming one edge of a caldera named Ikenosawa with a diameter of 1.5 km. The caldera dominates the island, with one point on its southern ridge, Otonbu with a height of 423 m, as the island&#39;s highest point. The caldera is occupied by a secondary cone named Maruyama. Still considered a Class-C active volcano by the Japan Meteorological Agency, the last eruption of Aogashima was during a four-year period from 1781–1785.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The history of human settlement on Aogashima is uncertain. Most of the people in Aogashima are Japanese. The island is mentioned in Edo period records kept at Hachijō-jima, which record volcanic activity in 1652, and from 1670–1680. An earthquake swarm in July 1780 was followed by steam rising from the lakes in the Ikenosawa Caldera. Further earthquakes in May 1781 led to an eruption. In April 1783, lava flows from the Maruyama cone resulted in the evacuation of all 63 households on the island. During a massive eruption in 1785, some 130–140 of the population of 327 islanders perished.</p><br>
<p>The First Unitarian Society in Newton occupies a prominent location at 1326 Washington Street in the heart of the village of West Newton in Newton, Massachusetts. Architect Ralph Adams Cram designed the church, Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. designed the grounds, the cornerstone was laid in 1905, and it was dedicated in 1906; it is one of the villages oldest buildings. The church is in Crams signature Gothic Revival style, with buttressed walls and a blocky square tower with crenellations and spires. An enclosed courtyard is formed by an office wing, banquet hall, and parish house, which are built to resemble Elizabethan architecture with brick first floor and half-timbered upper level.</p><br>
<p>The Unitarian Society was organized in 1848, and its first building was built in 1860. A Gothic Revival structure later expanded with Stick style decoration, it stood at the present location of the West Newton Cinema. The present building was built on the site of an early experimental normal school (later move to Framingham and now Framingham State University, and has a stained glass window featuring two Massachusetts education pioneers (and parishioners of the church), Horace Mann and Cyrus Peirce.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the First Unitarian Church in 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Gen. Horatio Gates House and Golden Plough Tavern are two connecting historic buildings located in downtown York, York County, Pennsylvania. The buildings were restored between July 1961 and June 1964, and operated as a museum by the York County History Center.</p><br>
<h2>Gates house</h2><br>
<p>The General Horatio Gates House was built by Joseph Chambers in 1751, and connected to the Golden Plough Tavern through a shared kitchen. It is a 2 1/2-story, brick and limestone dwelling in the Georgian-style. It was the home of General Horatio Gates (1727–1806), while the Second Continental Congress convened in York, September 30, 1777 to June 27, 1778.</p><br>
<h2>Tavern</h2><br>
<p>The Golden Plough Tavern was built by Martin Eichelberger in 1741 and is a two-story, Germanic influenced medieval style building. The tavern is quite significant for its age and social history but is also an exceptional museum of historic carpentry and vernacular architecture.</p><br>
<p>The ground floor wall construction is a rare type which blends timber framing with log building. These walls are framed and the spaces between the posts are infilled with hewn beams, each beam fitted into its own mortise, and the gaps between the beams chinked with stones and mud like a log cabin. This construction technique is similar to timber framing infilled with planks known by many names including post-and-plank.</p><br>
<p>The upper walls are half timbered in a Germanic style with brick nog and wattle and daub infill. Half timbered buildings in America are relatively rare, generally found in some areas settled by German immigrants.</p><br>
<p>The roof structure is framed with a Germanic type of truss called a liegender stuhl directly translated as a "lying chair" where chair has the general meaning of support. Liegender stuhl trusses in Europe are found in Switzerland and Germany.</p><br>
<p>The wood shingles on the roof are also a rare type for America.</p><br>
<p>The Barnett Bobb Log House was moved to this location in 1968.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
